氯沙坦与阿替洛尔对心脑血管事件影响的循证分析_《中国循证医学杂志》

作者：

杨莉萍 , 刘瑶 , 谢婧 ,  胡欣

卫生部北京医院药学部（北京 100005）;

关键词：

氯沙坦阿替洛尔高血压心脑血管事件随机对照试验

DOI：

10.7507/1672-2531.20130034

视频：

导出 下载 收藏 扫码 引用

摘要 全文 图表 视频 参考文献 施引文献 补充材料

目的　为《中国基本药物目录》遴选血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻断剂（ARB）类降压药物提供循证研究数据。
方法　以losartan、atenolol、clinical trial、氯沙坦、阿替洛尔、临床试验为检索词，计算机检索EMbase、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Clinicaltrials.gov、CNKI、VIP和CBM，纳入氯沙坦与阿替洛尔治疗高血压相关的临床试验，语种限中、英文。
结果　共纳入52篇文献，多数来源于氯沙坦减少高血压患者终点事件（LIFE）研究。其主要结果显示：① 在降压效果相当的情况下，氯沙坦比阿替洛尔的耐受性更好、降低高血压患者的左室肥厚作用更好；② 氯沙坦防治心脑血管事件的发生，特别是预防脑卒中首次发作的效果也更好；③ 氯沙坦对伴/不伴有糖尿病、伴/不伴有房颤、有低血红蛋白或高血尿酸，以及合用阿司匹林或氢氯噻嗪患者的治疗效果均优于阿替洛尔；④ 无论用氯沙坦还是阿替洛尔，强化降压治疗会增加有QRS间期延长的高血压患者发生心源性猝死的风险；⑤ 对吸烟、少量或大量饮酒的高血压患者，氯沙坦的作用均优于阿替洛尔；⑥ 氯沙坦和阿替洛尔在非洲裔、不同性别、血管紧张素转化酶基因突变的高血压患者中的作用无显著差别。
结论　氯沙坦与阿替洛尔的降压效果相当，但氯沙坦比阿替洛尔能更有效地降低高血压患者的左室肥厚，且氯沙坦带给高血压患者降压以外的益处远比阿替洛尔多，如降低尿蛋白和尿酸，不降低高密度脂蛋白等方面的作用。

引用本文： 杨莉萍,刘瑶,谢婧,胡欣. 氯沙坦与阿替洛尔对心脑血管事件影响的循证分析. 中国循证医学杂志, 2013, 13(2): 196-203. doi: 10.7507/1672-2531.20130034 复制

1.	Ibsen H, Pedersen OL, Dahlof B, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension and ECG-verified left ventricular hypertrophy in the LIFE-study. Ugeskr Laeger, 2003, 165(5): 456-459.
2.	Sica DA. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2002, 4(4): 321-323.
3.	Kjeldsen SE, Lyle PA, Kizer JR, et al. The effects of losartan compared to atenolol on stroke in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2005, 7(3): 152-158.
4.	Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Effects of losartan or atenolol in hypertensive patients without clinically evident vascular disease: a substudy of the LIFE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 2003, 139(3): 169-177.
5.	Reims HM, Oparil S, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Losartan benefits over atenolol in non-smoking hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Blood Press, 2004, 13(6): 376-384.
6.	Reims HM, Kjeldsen SE, Brady WE, et al. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk in hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 381-389.
7.	Dahlof B, Burke TA, Krobot K, et al. Population impact of losartan use on stroke in the European Union (EU): projections from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 367-373.
8.	Boersma C, Carides GW, Atthobari J, et al. An economic assessment of losartan-based versus atenolol-based therapy in patients with hypertension and left-ventricular hypertrophy: results from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) study adapted to The Netherlands. Clin Ther, 2007, 29(5): 963-971.
9.	Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet, 2002, 359(9311): 1004-1010.
10.	Ibsen H, Lindholm LH, Pedersen OL, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus in the LIFE-study. Ugeskr Laeger, 2003, 165(5): 459-462.
11.	Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet, 2002, 359(9311): 995-1003.
12.	de Simone G, Wachtell K, Palmieri V, et al. Body build and risk of cardiovascular events in hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE (Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension) study. Circulation, 2005, 111(15): 1924-1931.
13.	Wachtell K, Hornestam B, Lehto M, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with a history of atrial fibrillation: The Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 45(5): 705-711.
14.	Wachtell K, Lehto M, Gerdts E, et al. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 45(5): 712-719.
15.	Okin PM, Wachtell K, Devereux RB, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension. JAMA, 2006, 296(10): 1242-1248.
16.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan versus atenolol: The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Circulation, 2003, 108(6): 684-690.
17.	Gerdts E, Roman MJ, Palmieri V, et al. Impact of age on left ventricular hypertrophy regression during antihypertensive treatment with losartan or atenolol (the LIFE study). J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 417-422.
18.	Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, et al. Effects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy. JAMA, 2002, 288(12): 1491-1498.
19.	Gerdts E, Bjornstad H, Devereux RB, et al. Exercise performance during losartan- or atenolol-based treatment in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (a LIFE substudy). Blood Press, 2006, 15(4): 220-226.
20.	Bella JN, Palmieri V, Wachtell K, et al. Sex-related difference in regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 411-416.
21.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Gerdts E, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and the prediction of outcome during antihypertensive therapy: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint (LIFE) Reduction in Hypertension Study. Circulation, 2006, 113(12): 1588-1596.
22.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Liu JE, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy predicts regression of echocardiographic left ventricular mass: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 403-409.
23.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment and the prediction of major cardiovascular events. JAMA, 2004, 292(19): 2343-2349.
24.	Wachtell K, Okin PM, Olsen MH, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive therapy and reduction in sudden cardiac death: the LIFE Study. Circulation, 2007, 116(7): 700-705.
25.	Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Neland K, et al. Losartan but not atenolol reduce carotid artery hypertrophy in essential hypertension. A LIFE substudy. Blood Press, 2005, 14(3): 177-183.
26.	Olsen MH, Fossum E, Hoieggen A, et al. Long-term treatment with losartan versus atenolol improves insulin sensitivity in hypertension: ICARUS, a LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2005, 23(4): 891-898.
27.	Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Beevers G, et al. Effects of losartan compared with atenolol on lipids in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Journal of hypertension, 2009(3): 567-574.
28.	Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Reduction in albuminuria translates to reduction in cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Hypertension, 2005, 45(2): 198-202.
29.	Ibsen H, Wachtell K, Olsen MH, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcome on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy? A LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2004, 22(9): 1805-1811.
30.	Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study. Diabetes Care, 2006, 29(3): 595-600.
31.	Hoieggen A, Alderman MH, Kjeldsen SE, et al. The impact of serum uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes in the LIFE study. Kidney Int, 2004, 65(3): 1041-1049.
32.	Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Tuxen C, et al. Opposite effects of losartan and atenolol on natriuretic peptides in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2005, 23(5): 1083-1090.
33.	Davies J, Carr E, Band M, et al. Do losartan and atenolol have differential effects on BNP and central haemodynamic parameters? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 2005, 6(3): 151-153.
34.	Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Beevers G, et al. Prognostic importance of hemoglobin in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention For End point reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Am Heart J, 2009, 157(1): 177-184.
35.	Smebye ML, Iversen EK, Hoieggen A, et al. Effect of hemoglobin levels on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (from the LIFE study). Am J Cardiol, 2007, 100(5): 855-859.
36.	Olsen MH, Christensen MK, Wachtell K, et al. Markers of collagen synthesis is related to blood pressure and vascular hypertrophy: A LIFE substudy. 2005, 19(4): 301-307.
37.	Christensen MK, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does long-term losartan- vs atenolol-based antihypertensive treatment influence collagen markers differently in hypertensive patients? A LIFE substudy. Blood Press, 2006, 15(4): 198-206.
38.	Fossum E, Olsen MH, Hoieggen A, et al. Long-term plasma catecholamines in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy treated with losartan or atenolol: ICARUS, a LIFE substudy. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 375-380.
39.	Wachtell K, Bella JN, Rokkedal J, et al. Change in diastolic left ventricular filling after one year of antihypertensive treatment: The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Circulation, 2002, 105(9): 1071-1076.
40.	Okin PM, Oikarinen L, Viitasalo M, et al. Serial assessment of the electrocardiographic strain pattern for prediction of new-onset heart failure during antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. Eur J Heart Fail, 13(4): 384-391.
41.	Okin PM, Wachtell K, Devereux RB, et al. Combination of the electrocardiographic strain pattern and albuminuria for the prediction of new-onset heart failure in hypertensive patients: the LIFE study. Am J Hypertens, 2008, 21(3): 273-279.
42.	Morin DP, Oikarinen L, Viitasalo M, et al. QRS duration predicts sudden cardiac death in hypertensive patients undergoing intensive medical therapy: the LIFE study. Eur Heart J, 2009, 30(23): 2908-2914.
43.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Incidence of heart failure in relation to QRS duration during antihypertensive therapy: the LIFE study. J Hypertens, 2009, 27(11): 2271-2277.
44.	Okin PM, Devereux RB, Harris KE, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with less hospitalization for heart failure in hypertensive patients. Ann Intern Med, 2007, 147(5): 311-319.
45.	Devereux RB, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, et al. Blood pressure reduction and antihypertensive medication use in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Curr Med Res Opin, 2007, 23(2): 259-270.
46.	Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Gerdts E, et al. Regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan compared with atenolol: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) trial. Circulation, 2004, 110(11): 1456-1462.
47.	Okin PM, Hille DA, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Greater regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during hydrochlorothiazide therapy in hypertensive patients. American Journal of Hypertension, 2010, 23(7): 786-793.
48.	Fossum E, Moan A, Kjeldsen SE, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension taking aspirin: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 46(5): 770-775.
49.	Julius S, Alderman MH, Beevers G, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive black patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004, 43(6): 1047-1055.
50.	Okin PM, Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B, et al. Racial differences in incident heart failure during antihypertensive therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 4(2): 157-164.
51.	Okin PM, Gerdts E, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Gender differences in regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive therapy. Hypertension, 2008, 52(1): 100-106.
52.	Nordestgaard BG, Kontula K, Benn M, et al. Effect of ACE insertion/deletion and 12 other polymorphisms on clinical outcomes and response to treatment in the life study. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 2010, 20(2): 77-85.

1. Ibsen H, Pedersen OL, Dahlof B, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension and ECG-verified left ventricular hypertrophy in the LIFE-study. Ugeskr Laeger, 2003, 165(5): 456-459.
2. Sica DA. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Curr Hypertens Rep, 2002, 4(4): 321-323.
3. Kjeldsen SE, Lyle PA, Kizer JR, et al. The effects of losartan compared to atenolol on stroke in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. The LIFE study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2005, 7(3): 152-158.
4. Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Effects of losartan or atenolol in hypertensive patients without clinically evident vascular disease: a substudy of the LIFE randomized trial. Ann Intern Med, 2003, 139(3): 169-177.
5. Reims HM, Oparil S, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Losartan benefits over atenolol in non-smoking hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Blood Press, 2004, 13(6): 376-384.
6. Reims HM, Kjeldsen SE, Brady WE, et al. Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk in hypertensives with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 381-389.
7. Dahlof B, Burke TA, Krobot K, et al. Population impact of losartan use on stroke in the European Union (EU): projections from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 367-373.
8. Boersma C, Carides GW, Atthobari J, et al. An economic assessment of losartan-based versus atenolol-based therapy in patients with hypertension and left-ventricular hypertrophy: results from the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction (LIFE) study adapted to The Netherlands. Clin Ther, 2007, 29(5): 963-971.
9. Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Dahlof B, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): A randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet, 2002, 359(9311): 1004-1010.
10. Ibsen H, Lindholm LH, Pedersen OL, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus in the LIFE-study. Ugeskr Laeger, 2003, 165(5): 459-462.
11. Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet, 2002, 359(9311): 995-1003.
12. de Simone G, Wachtell K, Palmieri V, et al. Body build and risk of cardiovascular events in hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE (Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension) study. Circulation, 2005, 111(15): 1924-1931.
13. Wachtell K, Hornestam B, Lehto M, et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients with a history of atrial fibrillation: The Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 45(5): 705-711.
14. Wachtell K, Lehto M, Gerdts E, et al. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reduces new-onset atrial fibrillation and subsequent stroke compared to atenolol: the Losartan Intervention For End Point Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 45(5): 712-719.
15. Okin PM, Wachtell K, Devereux RB, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and decreased incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertension. JAMA, 2006, 296(10): 1242-1248.
16. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan versus atenolol: The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Circulation, 2003, 108(6): 684-690.
17. Gerdts E, Roman MJ, Palmieri V, et al. Impact of age on left ventricular hypertrophy regression during antihypertensive treatment with losartan or atenolol (the LIFE study). J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 417-422.
18. Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B, Devereux RB, et al. Effects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy. JAMA, 2002, 288(12): 1491-1498.
19. Gerdts E, Bjornstad H, Devereux RB, et al. Exercise performance during losartan- or atenolol-based treatment in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (a LIFE substudy). Blood Press, 2006, 15(4): 220-226.
20. Bella JN, Palmieri V, Wachtell K, et al. Sex-related difference in regression of left ventricular hypertrophy with antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 411-416.
21. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Gerdts E, et al. Impact of diabetes mellitus on regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy and the prediction of outcome during antihypertensive therapy: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint (LIFE) Reduction in Hypertension Study. Circulation, 2006, 113(12): 1588-1596.
22. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Liu JE, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy predicts regression of echocardiographic left ventricular mass: the LIFE study. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 403-409.
23. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Jern S, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive treatment and the prediction of major cardiovascular events. JAMA, 2004, 292(19): 2343-2349.
24. Wachtell K, Okin PM, Olsen MH, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive therapy and reduction in sudden cardiac death: the LIFE Study. Circulation, 2007, 116(7): 700-705.
25. Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Neland K, et al. Losartan but not atenolol reduce carotid artery hypertrophy in essential hypertension. A LIFE substudy. Blood Press, 2005, 14(3): 177-183.
26. Olsen MH, Fossum E, Hoieggen A, et al. Long-term treatment with losartan versus atenolol improves insulin sensitivity in hypertension: ICARUS, a LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2005, 23(4): 891-898.
27. Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Beevers G, et al. Effects of losartan compared with atenolol on lipids in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: The Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Journal of hypertension, 2009(3): 567-574.
28. Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Reduction in albuminuria translates to reduction in cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients: losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Hypertension, 2005, 45(2): 198-202.
29. Ibsen H, Wachtell K, Olsen MH, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcome on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy? A LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2004, 22(9): 1805-1811.
30. Ibsen H, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does albuminuria predict cardiovascular outcomes on treatment with losartan versus atenolol in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy? The LIFE study. Diabetes Care, 2006, 29(3): 595-600.
31. Hoieggen A, Alderman MH, Kjeldsen SE, et al. The impact of serum uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes in the LIFE study. Kidney Int, 2004, 65(3): 1041-1049.
32. Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Tuxen C, et al. Opposite effects of losartan and atenolol on natriuretic peptides in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a LIFE substudy. J Hypertens, 2005, 23(5): 1083-1090.
33. Davies J, Carr E, Band M, et al. Do losartan and atenolol have differential effects on BNP and central haemodynamic parameters? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 2005, 6(3): 151-153.
34. Olsen MH, Wachtell K, Beevers G, et al. Prognostic importance of hemoglobin in hypertensive patients with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention For End point reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Am Heart J, 2009, 157(1): 177-184.
35. Smebye ML, Iversen EK, Hoieggen A, et al. Effect of hemoglobin levels on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (from the LIFE study). Am J Cardiol, 2007, 100(5): 855-859.
36. Olsen MH, Christensen MK, Wachtell K, et al. Markers of collagen synthesis is related to blood pressure and vascular hypertrophy: A LIFE substudy. 2005, 19(4): 301-307.
37. Christensen MK, Olsen MH, Wachtell K, et al. Does long-term losartan- vs atenolol-based antihypertensive treatment influence collagen markers differently in hypertensive patients? A LIFE substudy. Blood Press, 2006, 15(4): 198-206.
38. Fossum E, Olsen MH, Hoieggen A, et al. Long-term plasma catecholamines in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy treated with losartan or atenolol: ICARUS, a LIFE substudy. J Hum Hypertens, 2004, 18(6): 375-380.
39. Wachtell K, Bella JN, Rokkedal J, et al. Change in diastolic left ventricular filling after one year of antihypertensive treatment: The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Circulation, 2002, 105(9): 1071-1076.
40. Okin PM, Oikarinen L, Viitasalo M, et al. Serial assessment of the electrocardiographic strain pattern for prediction of new-onset heart failure during antihypertensive treatment: the LIFE study. Eur J Heart Fail, 13(4): 384-391.
41. Okin PM, Wachtell K, Devereux RB, et al. Combination of the electrocardiographic strain pattern and albuminuria for the prediction of new-onset heart failure in hypertensive patients: the LIFE study. Am J Hypertens, 2008, 21(3): 273-279.
42. Morin DP, Oikarinen L, Viitasalo M, et al. QRS duration predicts sudden cardiac death in hypertensive patients undergoing intensive medical therapy: the LIFE study. Eur Heart J, 2009, 30(23): 2908-2914.
43. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Incidence of heart failure in relation to QRS duration during antihypertensive therapy: the LIFE study. J Hypertens, 2009, 27(11): 2271-2277.
44. Okin PM, Devereux RB, Harris KE, et al. Regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with less hospitalization for heart failure in hypertensive patients. Ann Intern Med, 2007, 147(5): 311-319.
45. Devereux RB, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, et al. Blood pressure reduction and antihypertensive medication use in the losartan intervention for endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Curr Med Res Opin, 2007, 23(2): 259-270.
46. Devereux RB, Dahlof B, Gerdts E, et al. Regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy by losartan compared with atenolol: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) trial. Circulation, 2004, 110(11): 1456-1462.
47. Okin PM, Hille DA, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Greater regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during hydrochlorothiazide therapy in hypertensive patients. American Journal of Hypertension, 2010, 23(7): 786-793.
48. Fossum E, Moan A, Kjeldsen SE, et al. The effect of losartan versus atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension taking aspirin: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005, 46(5): 770-775.
49. Julius S, Alderman MH, Beevers G, et al. Cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive black patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004, 43(6): 1047-1055.
50. Okin PM, Kjeldsen SE, Dahlof B, et al. Racial differences in incident heart failure during antihypertensive therapy. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes, 4(2): 157-164.
51. Okin PM, Gerdts E, Kjeldsen SE, et al. Gender differences in regression of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy during antihypertensive therapy. Hypertension, 2008, 52(1): 100-106.
52. Nordestgaard BG, Kontula K, Benn M, et al. Effect of ACE insertion/deletion and 12 other polymorphisms on clinical outcomes and response to treatment in the life study. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 2010, 20(2): 77-85.

《中国循证医学杂志》

氯沙坦与阿替洛尔对心脑血管事件影响的循证分析

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《中国循证医学杂志》

氯沙坦与阿替洛尔对心脑血管事件影响的循证分析

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