• 四川大學(xué)（成都，610041） 1 華西臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院， 2 華西醫(yī)院影像科;

【摘要】 目前在國(guó)外CT尿路造影（CT urography，CTU）已得到廣泛應(yīng)用，特別是對(duì)無(wú)痛性血尿患者的病因探查，以及對(duì)尿路上皮腫瘤的診斷具有重要價(jià)值。輻射劑量過(guò)大是限制CTU應(yīng)用的主要矛盾，提高成像質(zhì)量及減少輻射劑量的技術(shù)種類(lèi)繁多，效果不一致，尚缺乏統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，有待進(jìn)一步研究。

引用本文： 王夢(mèng)書(shū),劉榮波. CT尿路造影研究進(jìn)展. 華西醫(yī)學(xué), 2011, 26(1): 136-138. doi: 復(fù)制

1. 　Van Der Molen AJ, Cowan NC, Mueller-Lisse UG, et al. CT urography: definition, indications and techniques. A guideline for clinical practice[J]. Eur Radiol, 2008, 18(1): 4-17.
2. 　Silverman SG, Leyendecker JR, Amis ES Jr. What is the current role of CT urography and MR urography in the evaluation of the urinary tract? [J]. Radiology, 2009, 250(2): 309-323.
3. 　Kielar AZ, Ellis JH, Cohan RH, et al. Computed tomography urography: trends in positivity rates over time[J]. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2008, 32(1): 46-53.
4. 　Stacul F, Rossi A, Cova MA. CT urography: the end of IVU?[J]. Radiol med, 2008, 113(5): 658-669.
5. 　Skrepetis K, Siafakas I, Lykourinas M. Evolution of retrograde pyelography and excretory urography in the early 20th century[J]. J Endourol, 2001, 15(7): 691-696.
6. 　Caoili EM, Cohan RH, Inampudi P, et al. MDCT urography of upper tract urothelial neoplasms[J]. Am J Roentgenol, 2005, 184(6): 1873-1881.
7. 　Chlapoutakis K, Theocharopoulos N, Yarmenitis S, et al. Performance of computed tomographic urography in diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, in patients presenting with hematuria: Systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Eur Radiol, 2010, 73(2): 334-338.
8. 　Townsend BA, Silverman SG, Mortele KJ, et al. Current use of computed tomographic urography: survey of the society of uroradiology[J]. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2009, 33(1): 96-100.
9. 　Nawfel RD, Judy PF, Schleipman AR, et al. Patient radiation dose at CT urography and conventional urography[J]. Radiology, 2004, 232(1): 126-132.
10. 　Kawashima A, Vrtiska TJ, LeRoy AJ, et al. CT urography[J]. Radiographics, 2004, 24 (Suppl 1): S35-54.
11. 　Turney BW, Willatt JMG, Nixon D, et al. Computed tomography urography for diagnosing bladder cancer[J]. BJU Internat, 2006, 98(2): 345-348.
12. 　Cowper SE, Robin HS, Steinberg SM, et al. Scleromyxoedema-like cutaneous diseases in renal-dialysis patients[J]. Lancet, 2000, 356(9234): 1000-1001.
13. 　Cowper SE. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: an overview[J]. J Am Coll Radiol, 2008, 5(1): 23-28.
14. 　Leyendecker JR, Barnes CE, Zagoria RJ. MR urography: techniques and clinical applications[J]. Radiographics, 2008, 28(1): 23-46.
15. 　何波. 多層螺旋CT尿路成像技術(shù)的研究進(jìn)展[J]. 臨床放射學(xué)雜志, 2008, 27(7): 984-987.
16. 　McTavish JD, Jinzaki M, Zou KH, et al. Multi-detector row CT urography: comparison of strategies for depicting the normal urinary collecting system[J]. Radiology, 2002, 225(3): 783-790.
17. 　Caoili EM, Inampudi P, Cohan RH, et al. Optimization of multi-detector row CT urography: effect of compression, saline administration, and prolongation of acquisition delay[J]. Radiology, 2005, 235(1): 116-123.
18. 　Nolte-Ernsting CC, Wildberger JE, Borchers H, et al. Multi-slice CT urography after diuretic injection: initial results[J]. Rofo, 2001, 173(3): 176-180.
19. 　Levatter R. Compression during CT urography[J]. Radiology, 2002, 225(1): 309-310.
20. 　Dillman JR, Caoili EM, Cohan RH, et al. Detection of upper tract urothelial neoplasms: sensitivity of axial, coronal reformatted, and curved-planar reformatted image-types utilizing 16-row multi-detector CT urography[J]. Abdom Imaging, 2008, 33(6): 707-716.
21. 　王鶴, 孫曉偉, 王繼琛等. 正常集合系統(tǒng)分次團(tuán)注雙期與傳統(tǒng)單次團(tuán)注多期CT泌尿系造影的比較[J]. 中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù), 2009, 25(11): 2076-2079.
22. 　Nolte-Ernsting C, Cowan N. Understanding multislice CT urography techniques: many roads lead to Rome[J]. Eur Radiol, 2006, 16(12): 2670-2686.
23. 　Coppenrath E, Meindl T, Herzog P, et al. Dose reduction in multidetector CT of the urinary tract[J]. Studies in a phantom model. Eur Radiol, 2006, 16(9): 1982-1989.
24. 　麻增林, 賀麗英, 閏玉昌, 等. 低劑量CT尿路造影的應(yīng)用價(jià)值[J]. 中國(guó)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)影像雜志, 2009, 20(6): 494-496.
25. 　Joffe SA, Servaes S, Okon S, et al. Multi-detector row CT urography in the evaluation of hematuria[J]. Radiographics, 2003, 23(6): 1441-1456.
26. 　Browne RF, Meehan CP, Colville J, et al. Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: spectrum of imaging findings[J]. Radiographics, 2005, 25(6): 1609-1627.
27. 　Wang LJ, Wong YC, Chuang CK, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of transitional cell carcinoma on multidetector computerized tomography urography in patients with gross hematuria[J]. J Urol, 2009, 181(2): 524-531.
28. 　Martingano P, Stacul F, Cavallaro M, et al. 64-Slice CT urography: 30 months of clinical experience[J]. Radiol med, 2010, 115(6): 920-935.
29. 　Sadow CA, Silverman SG, O’Leary MP, et al. Bladder cancer detection with CT urography in an academic medical center[J]. Radiology, 2008, 249(1): 195-202.
  1. 1. 　Van Der Molen AJ, Cowan NC, Mueller-Lisse UG, et al. CT urography: definition, indications and techniques. A guideline for clinical practice[J]. Eur Radiol, 2008, 18(1): 4-17.
  2. 2. 　Silverman SG, Leyendecker JR, Amis ES Jr. What is the current role of CT urography and MR urography in the evaluation of the urinary tract? [J]. Radiology, 2009, 250(2): 309-323.
  3. 3. 　Kielar AZ, Ellis JH, Cohan RH, et al. Computed tomography urography: trends in positivity rates over time[J]. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2008, 32(1): 46-53.
  4. 4. 　Stacul F, Rossi A, Cova MA. CT urography: the end of IVU?[J]. Radiol med, 2008, 113(5): 658-669.
  5. 5. 　Skrepetis K, Siafakas I, Lykourinas M. Evolution of retrograde pyelography and excretory urography in the early 20th century[J]. J Endourol, 2001, 15(7): 691-696.
  6. 6. 　Caoili EM, Cohan RH, Inampudi P, et al. MDCT urography of upper tract urothelial neoplasms[J]. Am J Roentgenol, 2005, 184(6): 1873-1881.
  7. 7. 　Chlapoutakis K, Theocharopoulos N, Yarmenitis S, et al. Performance of computed tomographic urography in diagnosis of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, in patients presenting with hematuria: Systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Eur Radiol, 2010, 73(2): 334-338.
  8. 8. 　Townsend BA, Silverman SG, Mortele KJ, et al. Current use of computed tomographic urography: survey of the society of uroradiology[J]. J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2009, 33(1): 96-100.
  9. 9. 　Nawfel RD, Judy PF, Schleipman AR, et al. Patient radiation dose at CT urography and conventional urography[J]. Radiology, 2004, 232(1): 126-132.
  10. 10. 　Kawashima A, Vrtiska TJ, LeRoy AJ, et al. CT urography[J]. Radiographics, 2004, 24 (Suppl 1): S35-54.
  11. 11. 　Turney BW, Willatt JMG, Nixon D, et al. Computed tomography urography for diagnosing bladder cancer[J]. BJU Internat, 2006, 98(2): 345-348.
  12. 12. 　Cowper SE, Robin HS, Steinberg SM, et al. Scleromyxoedema-like cutaneous diseases in renal-dialysis patients[J]. Lancet, 2000, 356(9234): 1000-1001.
  13. 13. 　Cowper SE. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: an overview[J]. J Am Coll Radiol, 2008, 5(1): 23-28.
  14. 14. 　Leyendecker JR, Barnes CE, Zagoria RJ. MR urography: techniques and clinical applications[J]. Radiographics, 2008, 28(1): 23-46.
  15. 15. 　何波. 多層螺旋CT尿路成像技術(shù)的研究進(jìn)展[J]. 臨床放射學(xué)雜志, 2008, 27(7): 984-987.
  16. 16. 　McTavish JD, Jinzaki M, Zou KH, et al. Multi-detector row CT urography: comparison of strategies for depicting the normal urinary collecting system[J]. Radiology, 2002, 225(3): 783-790.
  17. 17. 　Caoili EM, Inampudi P, Cohan RH, et al. Optimization of multi-detector row CT urography: effect of compression, saline administration, and prolongation of acquisition delay[J]. Radiology, 2005, 235(1): 116-123.
  18. 18. 　Nolte-Ernsting CC, Wildberger JE, Borchers H, et al. Multi-slice CT urography after diuretic injection: initial results[J]. Rofo, 2001, 173(3): 176-180.
  19. 19. 　Levatter R. Compression during CT urography[J]. Radiology, 2002, 225(1): 309-310.
  20. 20. 　Dillman JR, Caoili EM, Cohan RH, et al. Detection of upper tract urothelial neoplasms: sensitivity of axial, coronal reformatted, and curved-planar reformatted image-types utilizing 16-row multi-detector CT urography[J]. Abdom Imaging, 2008, 33(6): 707-716.
  21. 21. 　王鶴, 孫曉偉, 王繼琛等. 正常集合系統(tǒng)分次團(tuán)注雙期與傳統(tǒng)單次團(tuán)注多期CT泌尿系造影的比較[J]. 中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)影像技術(shù), 2009, 25(11): 2076-2079.
  22. 22. 　Nolte-Ernsting C, Cowan N. Understanding multislice CT urography techniques: many roads lead to Rome[J]. Eur Radiol, 2006, 16(12): 2670-2686.
  23. 23. 　Coppenrath E, Meindl T, Herzog P, et al. Dose reduction in multidetector CT of the urinary tract[J]. Studies in a phantom model. Eur Radiol, 2006, 16(9): 1982-1989.
  24. 24. 　麻增林, 賀麗英, 閏玉昌, 等. 低劑量CT尿路造影的應(yīng)用價(jià)值[J]. 中國(guó)臨床醫(yī)學(xué)影像雜志, 2009, 20(6): 494-496.
  25. 25. 　Joffe SA, Servaes S, Okon S, et al. Multi-detector row CT urography in the evaluation of hematuria[J]. Radiographics, 2003, 23(6): 1441-1456.
  26. 26. 　Browne RF, Meehan CP, Colville J, et al. Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: spectrum of imaging findings[J]. Radiographics, 2005, 25(6): 1609-1627.
  27. 27. 　Wang LJ, Wong YC, Chuang CK, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of transitional cell carcinoma on multidetector computerized tomography urography in patients with gross hematuria[J]. J Urol, 2009, 181(2): 524-531.
  28. 28. 　Martingano P, Stacul F, Cavallaro M, et al. 64-Slice CT urography: 30 months of clinical experience[J]. Radiol med, 2010, 115(6): 920-935.
  29. 29. 　Sadow CA, Silverman SG, O’Leary MP, et al. Bladder cancer detection with CT urography in an academic medical center[J]. Radiology, 2008, 249(1): 195-202.