• 四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院普外科(成都610041);

目的  分析總結(jié)急性肢體動(dòng)脈栓塞的治療方法及其預(yù)后影響因素。
方法  回顧性分析我院2003年1月至2006年3月診治的急性肢體動(dòng)脈栓塞患者43例,男15例,女28例,年齡26~77歲〔(58.88±13.90)歲〕,患肢52條。分別采用手術(shù)取栓、介入溶栓及保守治療。隨訪時(shí)間1~39個(gè)月。對(duì)年齡、性別、上下肢、血栓是否位于肘關(guān)節(jié)或膝關(guān)節(jié)的遠(yuǎn)端、缺血時(shí)間、急性缺血分級(jí)、吸煙史、有無(wú)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化及其他合并癥、是否手術(shù)治療以及是否有術(shù)后并發(fā)癥、肢體動(dòng)脈栓塞史等可能對(duì)療效有影響的因素,使用SPSS 10.0軟件進(jìn)行線性回歸分析。
結(jié)果   患肢栓子的來(lái)源有: 心源性39條(75.0%),血管源性7條(13.5%),醫(yī)源性1條(1.9%),5條原因不明(9.6%)。急性缺血分級(jí): Ⅰ級(jí)0條、Ⅱa級(jí)16條、Ⅱb級(jí)29條、Ⅲ級(jí)7條?;贾毖獣r(shí)間3 h~2周,其中缺血時(shí)間≤12 h的患肢15條, gt;12 h者37條。手術(shù)治療38條, 介入溶栓治療2條,保守治療12條。手術(shù)后并發(fā)癥有: 骨筋膜室綜合征、呼吸功能衰竭、堿中毒、急性腎功能障礙等。住院期間2例死于腦梗塞; 出院后3個(gè)月1例死于心功能衰竭。38例45條(86.5%)患肢獲得隨訪: 痊愈13條(28.9%)、良好15條(33.3%)、一般8條(17.8%)、差9條(20.0%); 截肢8條(17.8%),其中膝關(guān)節(jié)以上截肢4條(8.9%)。肢體缺血時(shí)間的25%、50%及75%百分位數(shù)分別為 11.5、36.0及83.0 h; 缺血時(shí)間超過(guò)12 h的患肢32條(71.1%),其中8條(25.0%)接受了截肢; 缺血時(shí)間超過(guò)12 h但急性缺血分級(jí)低于Ⅲ級(jí)的患肢29條(64.4%),其中18條(62.1%)的療效為良好及以上,7條(24.1%)接受截肢。對(duì)治療結(jié)果有影響的因素為缺血時(shí)間、急性缺血分級(jí)和吸煙史(P<0.05)。
結(jié)論  急性肢體動(dòng)脈栓塞以外科手術(shù)治療為主,可選擇介入溶栓以及保守治療來(lái)改善患肢血液循環(huán),同時(shí)針對(duì)病因治療。缺血時(shí)間、急性缺血分級(jí)和吸煙史對(duì)預(yù)后有影響。

引用本文: 馬玉奎,趙紀(jì)春,黃斌,胡志. 急性肢體動(dòng)脈栓塞的治療及其預(yù)后影響因素. 中國(guó)普外基礎(chǔ)與臨床雜志, 2007, 14(6): 689-693. doi: 復(fù)制

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2.  Rutherford RB, Baker JD, Ernst C, et al. Recommended sta-ndards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia: revised version [J]. J Vasc Surg, 1997; 26(3)∶517.
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13.  Zacharski LR, Chow BK, Howes PS, et al. Reduction of iron stores and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a randomized controlled trial [J]. JAMA, 2007; 297(6)∶603.
14.  Banta MR, Ma F, Bravata DM, et al. Incidence of and factors associated with achieving target lipid levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease [J]. J Gen Intern Med, 2006; 21(7)∶711.
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  1. 1.  Billig DM, Hallman GL, Cooley DA. Arterial embolism. Surgical treatment and results [J]. Arch Surg, 1967; 95(1)∶1.
  2. 2.  Rutherford RB, Baker JD, Ernst C, et al. Recommended sta-ndards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia: revised version [J]. J Vasc Surg, 1997; 26(3)∶517.
  3. 3.  汪忠鎬, 李震. 我國(guó)血管外科的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展 [J]. 中國(guó)普外基礎(chǔ)與臨床雜志, 2006; 13(6)∶625.
  4. 4.  杜筠, 孫立中. 急性肢體動(dòng)脈栓塞的外科治療及預(yù)后因素 [J]. 心肺血管雜志, 2004; 23(2)∶95.
  5. 5.  金畢, 賴傳善, 田敏, 等. 急性肢體動(dòng)脈栓塞93例診治分析 [J]. 臨床外科雜志, 2001; 9(2)∶76.
  6. 6.  Robert B. Rutherford Eds. Rutherford vascular surgery [M]. 1st ed. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2002∶822-835.
  7. 7.  張昌明, 張福先, 金英姬, 等. 急性肢體動(dòng)脈栓塞61例 [J]. 鐵道醫(yī)學(xué), 2001; 29(1)∶42.
  8. 8.  任為, 時(shí)德, 趙渝. 急性周圍動(dòng)脈栓塞預(yù)后的多因素分析 [J]. 重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2004; 29(1)∶58.
  9. 9.  郭曙光, 陳翠菊, 周興立, 等. 影響急性肢體動(dòng)脈栓塞手術(shù)治療效果的因素分析 [J]. 臨床外科雜志, 2002; 10(4)∶214.
  10. 10.  Hooi JD, Kester AD, Stoffers HE, et al. Incidence of and risk factors for asymptomatic peripheral arterial occlusive disease: a longitudinal study [J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2001; 153(7)∶666.
  11. 11.  Hooi JD, Stoffers HE, Knottnerus JA, et al. The prognosis of non-critical limb ischaemia: a systematic review of population-based evidence [J]. Br J Gen Pract, 1999; 49(438)∶49.
  12. 12.  Yoshitomi Y, Kojima S, Umemoto T, et al. Serum hepatocyte growth factor in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease [J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1999; 84(7)∶2425.
  13. 13.  Zacharski LR, Chow BK, Howes PS, et al. Reduction of iron stores and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a randomized controlled trial [J]. JAMA, 2007; 297(6)∶603.
  14. 14.  Banta MR, Ma F, Bravata DM, et al. Incidence of and factors associated with achieving target lipid levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease [J]. J Gen Intern Med, 2006; 21(7)∶711.
  15. 15.  Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Denenberg JO, et al. Risk factors for progression of peripheral arterial disease in large and small vessels [J]. Circulation, 2006; 113(22)∶2623.
  16. 16.  吳慶華, 吳敏掌, 陳忠, 等. 反復(fù)肢體動(dòng)脈栓35例的治療經(jīng)驗(yàn) [J]. 中華普通外科雜志, 2002; 17(1)∶12.
  17. 17.  李雪松, 戈小虎, 賽力木, 等. 急性肢體動(dòng)脈栓塞手術(shù)治療(附47例報(bào)告) [J]. 中國(guó)普外基礎(chǔ)與臨床雜志, 2004; 11(2)∶118.
  18. 18.  Carlson GA, Hoballah JJ, Sharp WJ. Surgical thrombectomy: current role in thromboembolic occlusions [J]. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol, 2003; 6(1)∶14.
  19. 19.  Ouriel K, Shortell CK, DeWeese JA, et al. A comparison of thrombolytic therapy with operative revascularization in the initial treatment of acute peripheral arterial ischemia [J]. J Vasc Surg, 1994; 19(6)∶1021.
  20. 20.  Ouriel K, Veith FJ. Acute lower limb ischemia: determinants of outcome [J]. Surgery, 1998; 124(2)∶336.