• 北京胸部腫瘤結核病研究所ICU(北京 101149);

在過去二十年間,麻醉技術和手術技術的改進使肺部惡性腫瘤患者的手術死亡率大大降低,但術后并發(fā)癥仍是主要問題。肺切除術后的常見并發(fā)癥是肺部并發(fā)癥[1],主要表現(xiàn)是低氧血癥,尤其在肺功能減退的肺切除患者中發(fā)病率更高[2]。目前國內(nèi)對低氧血癥的診斷缺乏統(tǒng)一的診斷標準,一些作者采用Russell等[3]提出的標準,吸空氣氧的情況下,患者動脈血氧飽和度(SpO2)≤92%,大于30 s就可診斷為術后低氧血癥。也有作者建議[4]將一次或以上血氣檢查PaO2 lt;8 kPa或PaO2/FiO2 lt;300 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)作為診斷低氧血癥的標準。30%~50%的術后患者可發(fā)生低氧血癥,一般認為這樣的低氧血癥是一過性的,對大多數(shù)患者是無害的[5]。但如果合并心腦或其他器官動脈硬化或其他原因的血管阻塞,這種低氧血癥就是很危險的[6]。常見低氧血癥的原因是肺萎陷不張和誤吸、心源性肺水腫、靜脈輸入液體過量、通氣血流比例失調(diào)和急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(ALI/ARDS)[7],其中ALI/ARDS是肺切除術后患者死亡的主要原因[8-10]。

引用本文: 張靜,席修明. 肺切除術后低氧血癥. 中國呼吸與危重監(jiān)護雜志, 2008, 08(1): 69-73. doi: 復制

1. Stéphan F,Boucheseiche S,Hollande J,et al.Pulmonary complications following lung resection:a comprehensive analysis of incidence and possible risk factors.Chest,2000,118:1263-1270.
2. 馬剛,蘇全冠,王欣,等.肺功能中度減退的肺癌患者術后并發(fā)癥分析.癌癥,2005,24:353-356.
3. Russell GB,Graybeal JM.Hypoxemic episodes of patients in a postanesthesia care unit.Chest,1993,104:899-903.
4. 劉穎珍,肖慶隆,徐波,等.胸部腫瘤病人圍手術期血氣監(jiān)測及臨床意義,中華胸心血管外科雜志,1994:10:220-222.
5. Hofer S,Plachky J,F(xiàn)antl R,et al.Postoperative pulmonary complications:Prophylaxis after noncardiac surgery.Anaesthesist,2006,55:473-484.
6. Hedenstierna G.Alveolar collapse and closure of airways:regular effects of anaesthesia.Clin Physiol Funct Imaging,2003,23:123-129.
7. Shoemaker WC,Ayers SM,Grenvik A.重癥監(jiān)護學:第4版.北京:科學出版社,2001,1405-1408.
8. Myrdal G,Gustafsson G,Lambe M,et al.Outcome after lung cancer surgery.Factors predicting early mortality and major morbidity.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2001,20:694-699.
9. Ruffini E,Parola A,Papalia E,et al.Frequency and mortality of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2001,20:30-36.
10. Dulu A,Pastores SM,Park B,et al.Prevalence and mortality of acute lung injury and ARDS after lung resection.Chest,2006,130:73-78.
11. Iwamoto K,Ichiyama S,Shimokata K,Nakashima N,et al.Postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients:incidence and mortality in comparison with younger patients.Intern Med,1993,32:274-277.
12. Licker M,de Perrot M,Spiliopoulos A,et al.Risk factors for acute lung injury after thoracic surgery for lung cancer.Anesth Analg,2003,97:1558-1565.
13. Kutlu CA,Williams EA,Evans TW,et al.Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary resection.Ann Thorac Surg,2000,69:376-380.
14. Holtz B,Bake B,Sixt R.Prediction of postoperative hypoxemia in smokers and non-smokers.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand,1979,23:411-418.
15. Dales RE,Dionne G,Leech JA,et al.Preoperative prediction of pulmonary complications following thoracic surgery.Chest,1993,104:155-159.
16. Arozullah AM,Khuri SF,Henderson WG.Development and validation of a multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery.Ann Intern Med,2001,135:847-857.
17. 顧月清,廖美琳,周允中,等.肺功能與肺癌全肺切除術后近期預后的關系.中華胸心血管外科雜志,1995,11:214-216.
18. 王均玲,吳大瑋,薛玉文.肺切除術前肺功能與術后并發(fā)癥的關系探討.山東醫(yī)藥,2005,45:10-11.
19. Filaire M,Bedu M,Naamee A,et al.Prediction of hypoxemia and mechanical ventilation after lung resection for cancer.Ann Thorac Surg,1999,67:1460-1465.
20. Parquin F,Marchal M,Mehiri S,et al.Post-pneumonectomy pulmonary edema:analysis and risk factors.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,1996:929-932.
21. Hayes JP,Williams EA,Goldstraw P,et al.Lung injury in patients following thoracotomy.Thorax,1995,50:990-991.
22. Zeldin RA,Normandin D,Landtwing D,et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,1984,87:359-365.
23. Lee E,Little AG,Hsu WH,et al.Effect of pneumonectomy on extravascular lung water in dogs.J Surg Res,1985,38:568-573.
24. Patel RL,Townsend ER,F(xiàn)ountain SW.Elective pneumonectomy:factors associated with morbidity and operative mortality.Ann Thorac Surg,1992,54:84-88.
25. Turnage WS,Lunn JJ.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.A retrospective analysis of associated variables.Chest,1993,103:1646-1650.
26. Caras WE.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema:can it be predicted preoperatively?Chest,1998,114:928-931.
27. 周柏濤,邱樹彬,徐小華,等.不同鎮(zhèn)痛方法對老年病人開胸手術后并發(fā)癥的影響.醫(yī)學臨床研究,2005,22:889-891.
28. Williams EA,Quinlan GJ,Anning PB,et al.Lung injury following pulmonary resection in the isolated,blood-perfused rat lung.Eur Respir J,1999,14:745-750.
29. Kim EA,Lee KS,Shim YM,et al.Radiographic and CT findings in complications following pulmonary resection.Radiographics,2002,22:67-86.
30. Jordan S,Mitchell JA,Quinlan GJ,et al.The pathogenesis of lung injury following pulmonary resection.Eur Respir J,2000,15:790-799.
31. Williams EA,Evans TW,Goldstraw P.Acute lung injury following lung resection:is one lung anaesthesia to blame?Thorax,1996,51:114-116.
32. Bauer P.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary oedema revisited.Eur Respir J,2000,15:629-630.
33. Kalweit G,Huwer H,Volkmer I,et al.Pulmonary embolism:a frequent cause of acute fatality after lung resection.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,1996,10:242-246.
34. 應雋,王祥瑞.低氧性肺血管收縮與肺微循環(huán).國外醫(yī)學:麻醉學與復蘇分冊,2003,24:291-293.
35. 王祥瑞,主編.圍手術期呼吸治療學.北京:中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學出版社,2002,248-258.
36. Kehlet H,Rosenberg J.Late post-operative hypoxaemia and organ dysfunction.Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl,1995,10:31-34.
37. van der Werff YD,van der Houwen HK,Heijmans PJ,et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.A retrospective analysis of incidence and possible risk factors.Chest,1997,111:1278-1284.
38. Bigatello LM,Allain R,Gaissert HA.Acute lung injury after pulmonary resection.Minerva Anestesiol,2004,70:159-166.
39. Detterbeck FC.Efficacy of methods of intercostal nerve blockade for pain relief after thoracotomy.Ann Thorac Surg,2005,80:1550-1559.
40. Hartrick CT.Multimodal postoperative pain management.Am J Health Syst Pharm,2004,61:S4-10.
41. 杭燕南,張馬忠,徐萍,等.老年人圍手術期低氧血癥防治的研究.中華麻醉學雜志,1999,19:403-405.
42. 中華醫(yī)學會重癥醫(yī)學分會.急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫綜合征診斷和治療指南.中國危重病急救醫(yī)學,2006,18:706-710.
43. López-Herce J,de Lucas N,Carrillo A,et al.Surfactant treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome.Arch Dis Child,1999,80:248-252.
  1. 1. Stéphan F,Boucheseiche S,Hollande J,et al.Pulmonary complications following lung resection:a comprehensive analysis of incidence and possible risk factors.Chest,2000,118:1263-1270.
  2. 2. 馬剛,蘇全冠,王欣,等.肺功能中度減退的肺癌患者術后并發(fā)癥分析.癌癥,2005,24:353-356.
  3. 3. Russell GB,Graybeal JM.Hypoxemic episodes of patients in a postanesthesia care unit.Chest,1993,104:899-903.
  4. 4. 劉穎珍,肖慶隆,徐波,等.胸部腫瘤病人圍手術期血氣監(jiān)測及臨床意義,中華胸心血管外科雜志,1994:10:220-222.
  5. 5. Hofer S,Plachky J,F(xiàn)antl R,et al.Postoperative pulmonary complications:Prophylaxis after noncardiac surgery.Anaesthesist,2006,55:473-484.
  6. 6. Hedenstierna G.Alveolar collapse and closure of airways:regular effects of anaesthesia.Clin Physiol Funct Imaging,2003,23:123-129.
  7. 7. Shoemaker WC,Ayers SM,Grenvik A.重癥監(jiān)護學:第4版.北京:科學出版社,2001,1405-1408.
  8. 8. Myrdal G,Gustafsson G,Lambe M,et al.Outcome after lung cancer surgery.Factors predicting early mortality and major morbidity.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2001,20:694-699.
  9. 9. Ruffini E,Parola A,Papalia E,et al.Frequency and mortality of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,2001,20:30-36.
  10. 10. Dulu A,Pastores SM,Park B,et al.Prevalence and mortality of acute lung injury and ARDS after lung resection.Chest,2006,130:73-78.
  11. 11. Iwamoto K,Ichiyama S,Shimokata K,Nakashima N,et al.Postoperative pneumonia in elderly patients:incidence and mortality in comparison with younger patients.Intern Med,1993,32:274-277.
  12. 12. Licker M,de Perrot M,Spiliopoulos A,et al.Risk factors for acute lung injury after thoracic surgery for lung cancer.Anesth Analg,2003,97:1558-1565.
  13. 13. Kutlu CA,Williams EA,Evans TW,et al.Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after pulmonary resection.Ann Thorac Surg,2000,69:376-380.
  14. 14. Holtz B,Bake B,Sixt R.Prediction of postoperative hypoxemia in smokers and non-smokers.Acta Anaesthesiol Scand,1979,23:411-418.
  15. 15. Dales RE,Dionne G,Leech JA,et al.Preoperative prediction of pulmonary complications following thoracic surgery.Chest,1993,104:155-159.
  16. 16. Arozullah AM,Khuri SF,Henderson WG.Development and validation of a multifactorial risk index for predicting postoperative pneumonia after major noncardiac surgery.Ann Intern Med,2001,135:847-857.
  17. 17. 顧月清,廖美琳,周允中,等.肺功能與肺癌全肺切除術后近期預后的關系.中華胸心血管外科雜志,1995,11:214-216.
  18. 18. 王均玲,吳大瑋,薛玉文.肺切除術前肺功能與術后并發(fā)癥的關系探討.山東醫(yī)藥,2005,45:10-11.
  19. 19. Filaire M,Bedu M,Naamee A,et al.Prediction of hypoxemia and mechanical ventilation after lung resection for cancer.Ann Thorac Surg,1999,67:1460-1465.
  20. 20. Parquin F,Marchal M,Mehiri S,et al.Post-pneumonectomy pulmonary edema:analysis and risk factors.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,1996:929-932.
  21. 21. Hayes JP,Williams EA,Goldstraw P,et al.Lung injury in patients following thoracotomy.Thorax,1995,50:990-991.
  22. 22. Zeldin RA,Normandin D,Landtwing D,et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg,1984,87:359-365.
  23. 23. Lee E,Little AG,Hsu WH,et al.Effect of pneumonectomy on extravascular lung water in dogs.J Surg Res,1985,38:568-573.
  24. 24. Patel RL,Townsend ER,F(xiàn)ountain SW.Elective pneumonectomy:factors associated with morbidity and operative mortality.Ann Thorac Surg,1992,54:84-88.
  25. 25. Turnage WS,Lunn JJ.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.A retrospective analysis of associated variables.Chest,1993,103:1646-1650.
  26. 26. Caras WE.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema:can it be predicted preoperatively?Chest,1998,114:928-931.
  27. 27. 周柏濤,邱樹彬,徐小華,等.不同鎮(zhèn)痛方法對老年病人開胸手術后并發(fā)癥的影響.醫(yī)學臨床研究,2005,22:889-891.
  28. 28. Williams EA,Quinlan GJ,Anning PB,et al.Lung injury following pulmonary resection in the isolated,blood-perfused rat lung.Eur Respir J,1999,14:745-750.
  29. 29. Kim EA,Lee KS,Shim YM,et al.Radiographic and CT findings in complications following pulmonary resection.Radiographics,2002,22:67-86.
  30. 30. Jordan S,Mitchell JA,Quinlan GJ,et al.The pathogenesis of lung injury following pulmonary resection.Eur Respir J,2000,15:790-799.
  31. 31. Williams EA,Evans TW,Goldstraw P.Acute lung injury following lung resection:is one lung anaesthesia to blame?Thorax,1996,51:114-116.
  32. 32. Bauer P.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary oedema revisited.Eur Respir J,2000,15:629-630.
  33. 33. Kalweit G,Huwer H,Volkmer I,et al.Pulmonary embolism:a frequent cause of acute fatality after lung resection.Eur J Cardiothorac Surg,1996,10:242-246.
  34. 34. 應雋,王祥瑞.低氧性肺血管收縮與肺微循環(huán).國外醫(yī)學:麻醉學與復蘇分冊,2003,24:291-293.
  35. 35. 王祥瑞,主編.圍手術期呼吸治療學.北京:中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學出版社,2002,248-258.
  36. 36. Kehlet H,Rosenberg J.Late post-operative hypoxaemia and organ dysfunction.Eur J Anaesthesiol Suppl,1995,10:31-34.
  37. 37. van der Werff YD,van der Houwen HK,Heijmans PJ,et al.Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema.A retrospective analysis of incidence and possible risk factors.Chest,1997,111:1278-1284.
  38. 38. Bigatello LM,Allain R,Gaissert HA.Acute lung injury after pulmonary resection.Minerva Anestesiol,2004,70:159-166.
  39. 39. Detterbeck FC.Efficacy of methods of intercostal nerve blockade for pain relief after thoracotomy.Ann Thorac Surg,2005,80:1550-1559.
  40. 40. Hartrick CT.Multimodal postoperative pain management.Am J Health Syst Pharm,2004,61:S4-10.
  41. 41. 杭燕南,張馬忠,徐萍,等.老年人圍手術期低氧血癥防治的研究.中華麻醉學雜志,1999,19:403-405.
  42. 42. 中華醫(yī)學會重癥醫(yī)學分會.急性肺損傷/急性呼吸窘迫綜合征診斷和治療指南.中國危重病急救醫(yī)學,2006,18:706-710.
  43. 43. López-Herce J,de Lucas N,Carrillo A,et al.Surfactant treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome.Arch Dis Child,1999,80:248-252.
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