• 1. 四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院循證醫(yī)學(xué)與臨床流行病學(xué)研究中心（成都 610041）2. 波蘭華沙藥物經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中心3. 國家食品與藥品監(jiān)督管理局藥物再評(píng)價(jià)中心（北京 100061）4. 國家食品藥品監(jiān)督管理總局新藥評(píng)審中心（北京 100061）;

當(dāng)現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)證據(jù)的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)不能充分評(píng)價(jià)上市后藥物的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)情況時(shí)，需要開展原始的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)研究。本文主要介紹了原始經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)中研究設(shè)計(jì)，成本和結(jié)果的測(cè)量，及敏感性分析的原則?？傮w而言，四種設(shè)計(jì)方案可用于經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)，不同方案各有其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。結(jié)果和成本的測(cè)量方法有多種，主要根據(jù)研究要求和適用性選擇不同的方法。對(duì)各種可能影響結(jié)果的因素應(yīng)采用不同的分析方法進(jìn)行分析。

引用本文： 孫 鑫,Ewa Orlewska,李幼平,程 剛,楊 煥. 上市后藥物經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)方法Ⅱ：藥物經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原始研究. 中國循證醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2006, 06(3): 218-223. doi: 復(fù)制

1. SUN X, Orlewska E, LI YP, et al. An introduction to methods for economic evaluation of marketed medicines I: setting up an economic framework and reviewing existing evidence. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2005; 5(12): 944-949.
2. Godwin M, Ruhland L, Casson I, et al. Pragmatic controlled clinical trials in primary care: the struggle between external and internal validity. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2003; 3: 28.
3. MacPherson H. Pragmatic clinical trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2004; 12: 136-140.
4. Drummond MF, O’Brien B, Stoddart GL, et al. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programs. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.
5. Sonnenberg FA. Decision analysis in disease management. Disease Management and Clinica Outcomes, 1997; 1(1): 20-34.
6. Buxton MJ, Drummond MF, van Hout BA, et al. Modelling in economic evaluation: an unavoidable fact of life. Health Econ, 1997; 6(3): 217-227.
7. Green C, Brazier J, Deverill M. Valuing health-related quality of life. A review of health state valuation techniques. Pharmacoeconomics, 2000; 17(2): 151-165.
8. Polsky D, Willke RJ, Scott K, et al. A comparison of scoring weights for the EuroQol derived from patients and the general public. Health Econ, 2001; 10(1): 27-37.
9. Neymark N, Kiebert W, Torfs K, et al. Methodological and statistical issues of quality of life (QoL) and economic evaluation in cancer clinical trials: report of a workshop. Eur J Cancer, 1998; 34(9): 1317-1333.
10. Bayoumi AM. The Measurement of Contingent Valuation for Health Economics. Pharmacoeconomics, 2004; 22(11): 691-700.
11. Levels of Evidence-March 2002. Available from: http://www.eboncall.org/content/levels.html.
12. Brouwer WB, Koopmanschap MA. The friction-cost method: replacement for nothing and leisure for free? Pharmacoeconomics, 2005; 23(2): 105-111.
13. Oostenbrink JB, Koopmanschap MA, Rutten FF. Standardisation of costs: the Dutch Manual for Costing in economic evaluations. Pharmacoeconomics, 2002; 20(7): 443-454.
14. Nuijten MJ. Measuring sensitivity in pharmacoeconomic studies. Refining point sensitivity and range sensitivity by incorporating probability distributions. Pharmacoeconomics, 1999; 16(1): 33-41.
15. Tambour M, Zethraeus N. Bootstrap confidence intervals for cost-effectiveness ratios: some simulation results. Health Econ, 1998; 7(2): 143-147.
16. Briggs AH. Handling uncertainty in cost-effectiveness models. Pharmacoeconomics, 2000; 17(5): 479-500.
17. Briggs AH, Gray AM. Handling uncertainty when performing economic evaluation of healthcare interventions. Health Technol Assess, 1999; 3(2): 1-134.
  1. 1. SUN X, Orlewska E, LI YP, et al. An introduction to methods for economic evaluation of marketed medicines I: setting up an economic framework and reviewing existing evidence. Chinese Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2005; 5(12): 944-949.
  2. 2. Godwin M, Ruhland L, Casson I, et al. Pragmatic controlled clinical trials in primary care: the struggle between external and internal validity. BMC Med Res Methodol, 2003; 3: 28.
  3. 3. MacPherson H. Pragmatic clinical trials. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2004; 12: 136-140.
  4. 4. Drummond MF, O’Brien B, Stoddart GL, et al. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programs. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1997.
  5. 5. Sonnenberg FA. Decision analysis in disease management. Disease Management and Clinica Outcomes, 1997; 1(1): 20-34.
  6. 6. Buxton MJ, Drummond MF, van Hout BA, et al. Modelling in economic evaluation: an unavoidable fact of life. Health Econ, 1997; 6(3): 217-227.
  7. 7. Green C, Brazier J, Deverill M. Valuing health-related quality of life. A review of health state valuation techniques. Pharmacoeconomics, 2000; 17(2): 151-165.
  8. 8. Polsky D, Willke RJ, Scott K, et al. A comparison of scoring weights for the EuroQol derived from patients and the general public. Health Econ, 2001; 10(1): 27-37.
  9. 9. Neymark N, Kiebert W, Torfs K, et al. Methodological and statistical issues of quality of life (QoL) and economic evaluation in cancer clinical trials: report of a workshop. Eur J Cancer, 1998; 34(9): 1317-1333.
  10. 10. Bayoumi AM. The Measurement of Contingent Valuation for Health Economics. Pharmacoeconomics, 2004; 22(11): 691-700.
  11. 11. Levels of Evidence-March 2002. Available from: http://www.eboncall.org/content/levels.html.
  12. 12. Brouwer WB, Koopmanschap MA. The friction-cost method: replacement for nothing and leisure for free? Pharmacoeconomics, 2005; 23(2): 105-111.
  13. 13. Oostenbrink JB, Koopmanschap MA, Rutten FF. Standardisation of costs: the Dutch Manual for Costing in economic evaluations. Pharmacoeconomics, 2002; 20(7): 443-454.
  14. 14. Nuijten MJ. Measuring sensitivity in pharmacoeconomic studies. Refining point sensitivity and range sensitivity by incorporating probability distributions. Pharmacoeconomics, 1999; 16(1): 33-41.
  15. 15. Tambour M, Zethraeus N. Bootstrap confidence intervals for cost-effectiveness ratios: some simulation results. Health Econ, 1998; 7(2): 143-147.
  16. 16. Briggs AH. Handling uncertainty in cost-effectiveness models. Pharmacoeconomics, 2000; 17(5): 479-500.
  17. 17. Briggs AH, Gray AM. Handling uncertainty when performing economic evaluation of healthcare interventions. Health Technol Assess, 1999; 3(2): 1-134.