• 1. 四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科（成都 610041） 2. 延安大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院（陜西延安 716000） 3.四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院中國循證醫(yī)學(xué)中心（成都 610041）;

目的 　系統(tǒng)評價前列腺素E1（PGE1）治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變（DPN）的療效與安全性。
方法 　計算機檢索Cochrane圖書館2006年第1期、PubMed 、EMbase、CNKI、VIP，手工檢索《中華內(nèi)分泌代謝雜志》、《中華糖尿病雜志》、《新醫(yī)學(xué)》，收集以PGE1為干預(yù)措施治療DPN的隨機對照試驗（RCT），按Cochrane系統(tǒng)評價方法，評價納入研究的方法學(xué)質(zhì)量并提取有效數(shù)據(jù)進行Meta分析。
結(jié)果 　共納入了31個RCT，包括2 497例 DPN患者。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示，PGE1改善DPN癥狀及體征均優(yōu)于B族維生素、安慰劑及其它改善微循環(huán)藥物，其 RR（95%CI）分別為［RR=1.75，95％CI（1.54，2.00）］、［RR合并=1.57，95％CI（1.42，1.74）］及［RR=1.31，95％CI（1.19，1.45）］。PGE1對DPN神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度的改善亦優(yōu)于B族維生素、安慰劑以及其它改善微循環(huán)藥物。PGE1不同劑型間比較，前列腺素E1脂微球載體制劑（Lipo-PGE1）較PGE1粉針劑（PGE1-CD）改善自發(fā)性疼痛和感覺異常等癥狀更有效［RR=1.43，95％CI（1.16，1.76）］。有16個研究報道了不良反應(yīng)，結(jié)果顯示大多較輕微。
結(jié)論 　本系統(tǒng)評價結(jié)果顯示，較之B族維生素、安慰劑及其他微循環(huán)改善藥物，PGE1對改善糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變癥狀、體征及神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度均有較好療效。在PGE1的劑型選擇上傾向于Lipo-PGE1。但目前收集到的文獻質(zhì)量較低，若有高質(zhì)量、大樣本、長期隨訪的研究進一步證實其有效性和安全性，該結(jié)論將更可信。

引用本文： 李 亞,方弟晉,高 霞,田浩明,吳泰相. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的系統(tǒng)評價. 中國循證醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2006, 06(6): 404-415. doi: 復(fù)制

版權(quán)信息： ?四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院華西期刊社《中國循證醫(yī)學(xué)雜志》版權(quán)所有，未經(jīng)授權(quán)不得轉(zhuǎn)載、改編

1. 譚元菊，安崢. 前列地爾治療糖尿病性周圍神經(jīng)病變的臨床研究. 中國醫(yī)院用藥評價與分析，2004；4(3) :175~177.
2. 劉玉春，向光大，樂嶺等. 前列腺素E1對糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的療效觀察. 中國綜合臨床，2000；6(16) :427~428.
3. 楊斌，徐廣珍，吳麗華等. E1注射液治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的療效觀察. 中國基層醫(yī)藥，2002; 9(1) :8~9.
4. 宋文娟，王華，余清等. 凱時治療糖尿病性周圍神經(jīng)病變臨床研究. 中華綜合醫(yī)學(xué)，2002；3(2)：116~118.
5. 黃耀忠，胡斌. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變35例療效觀察. 廣東醫(yī)學(xué)，2002；23(9)：980~981.
6. 尤巧英, 李益明, 周麗諾等. 凱時治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變臨床研究. 中國新藥雜志，2000；9(7)：471~473.
7. 呂愛玲，阮愛兵. 前列地爾治療糖尿病神經(jīng)病變33例臨床觀察. 臨床薈萃，2004; 19(8) :459~460.
8. 吳偉瓊，劉偉芳，許美倫等, 凱時與甲鈷胺聯(lián)合治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變. 河北醫(yī)學(xué), 2005.11(5):411~413.
9. 王莉. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的療效觀察. 安徽醫(yī)學(xué), 2004; 25(1): 62~64.
10. 黃雌友，姚偉峰. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的效果觀察. 齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報, 2002；23(10): 1126~1127.
11. 姚軍，劉巍. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 湖北省衛(wèi)生職工醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報, 2004;17(1): 48~50.
12. 王志宏，張萍，沈絢梅等，前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變56例觀察. 中國醫(yī)師雜志, 2003,(9) :1287.
13. 譚元菊，安崢. Lipo PGE1對糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變及糖尿病腎病的治療作用. 中日友好醫(yī)院學(xué)報, 2004; 18(4) 223~226.
14. 譚宗章. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變40例療效觀察. 實用神經(jīng)疾病雜志, 2004;7(6): 78~79.
15. 劉應(yīng)蘭，肖曉嵐，劉江華等. Lipo- PGE1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變32例. 南華大學(xué)學(xué)報(醫(yī)學(xué)版), 29(6):584~585.
16. 郝建平，顏文盛，曾維新等. 前列地爾脂微球載體聯(lián)合甲鈷胺治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變——附40例報告. 新醫(yī)學(xué)，2004；35(9):545~547.
17. 徐文華，萬長秀，張漢祥，等. 前列地爾治療糖尿病性周圍神經(jīng)病變20例. 醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報, 2001; 20(12): 755~756.
18. 應(yīng)衛(wèi)嬋. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 浙江臨床醫(yī)學(xué), 2002, 4(12): 913~914.
19. 鐘國連，呂維名.前列腺素E1＋甲鈷胺治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 贛南醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報, 2002, 22(4): 343~345.
20. 魏則文 ,楊慧英. 凱時治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變觀察. 遼寧實用糖尿病雜志, 2003; 11(1): 35~36.
21. 莫文，王建英. 前列地爾治療老年2型糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的療效觀察. 重慶醫(yī)學(xué), 2003; 32(9) :1272~1273.
22. 梁干雄，吳偉英. 小劑量保達新聯(lián)合治療糖尿病痛性神經(jīng)病變臨床觀察. 廣州醫(yī)藥, 2003;34(5): 44~45.
23. 米延起，劉燕，林海榮，等. 前列地爾治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變30例分析. 中國藥物與臨床, 2004; 4(5):371~372.
24. 張秀坤. 前列地爾治療糖尿病性周圍神經(jīng)病變 (附22例臨床觀察). 黑龍江醫(yī)學(xué), 2004;28(6): 419~421.
25. 李小飛，蘇如婷. 前列腺素E1聯(lián)合甲鈷胺治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 右江醫(yī)學(xué), 2004; 35(3):54~55.
26. 吳修信，黃志勇. 前列地爾治療糖尿病性神經(jīng)損害的臨床研究. 中華綜合醫(yī)學(xué), 2002,3(4) :338~339.
27. 余芳，劉閣玲，李偉娟. 凱時治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 醫(yī)學(xué)理論與實踐, 2004; 8(17): 903~904.
28. 劉娟，張燕，席平. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 中國綜合臨床, 2004,11(20).1003~1005.
29. 鐘惠菊，韓秀云，方育川，等，前列腺素E1對糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的療效觀察. 實用糖尿病雜志，1994；2(1)：33~34.
30. 張蜀平. 彌可保對糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變治療作用的研究研究. 中華內(nèi)分泌代謝雜志，1998；14（2）：130.
31. Aszmann O, Tassler PL, Dellon AL. Changing the natural history of diabetic neuropathy: incidence of ulcer/amputation in the contralateral limb of patients with a unilateral nerve decompression procedure. Ann Plast Surg, 2004; 53(6): 517-522.
32. Pham HT, Rich J, Veves A. Wound healing in diabetic foot ulceration: a review and commentary. Wounds, 2000(12): 79-81.
33. Miejer JW, Bosma E, Lefrandt JD, et al. Clinical diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy with the diabetic neuropathy symptom and diabetic neuropathy examination scores. Diabetes Care, 2003; 26(3): 697-701.
34. Ziegler, D. Polyneuropathy in the diabetic patient--update on pathogenesis and management. Nephrol Dial Transplan, 2004; 19(9): 2170-2175.
35. Toyota T, Hirata Y, Ikeda Y, et al. Lipo-PGE1, a new lipid-encapsulated preparation of prostaglandin E1: placebo-and prostaglandin E1-controlled multicenter trials in patients with diabetic neuropathy and leg ulcers. Prostaglandins, 1993; 46(5): 453-468.
36. Akahori H, Takamura T, Hayakawa T, et al. Prostaglandin E1 in lipid microspheres ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy: clinical usefulness of Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments for evaluating diabetic sensory abnormality. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2004; 64(3): 153-159.
37. Tan YJ, An Z. Clinical Study of the Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Evaluation and analyisis of dr μg-use in hospitals of China, 2004; 4(3): 175-177.
38. Liu YC, Xiang GD, Le L, et al. Study of the Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Clinical Medicine of China, 2000; 6(16): 427-428.
39. Yang B, Xu GZ, Wu LH, et al. Observation on Efficacy of PGE1 in Treating Peripheral Neuropathy in diabetes. Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy, 2002; 9(1): 8-9.
40. Song WJ, Wang H, Yu Q, et al. Study of the Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. China Synthesis Medicine, 2002; 3(2): 116-118.
41. Huang YZ, Hu B. Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 35 participants. Guangdong Medical Journal, 2002; 23(9): 980-981.
42. You QY, Li YM, Zhou LN, et al. Study of the Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Chinese Journal of New Dr μgs, 2000,9(7). 471-473.
43. Lv AL, Yuan AB, Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabeetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 33 participants. Clinical Focus, 2004; 19(8): 459-460.
44. He H, Liu QN. Wang HF, et al. Prostaglangin E1 and Danshen in treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in the elderly. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 2003; 7(18): 2561-2562. 何華，劉齊寧，王惠芳等. 中藥聯(lián)合前列腺素E1改善老年2型糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)癥狀的療效觀察. 中國臨床康復(fù)，2003; 7(18) :2561~2562.
45. Wu WQ, Liu WF, Xu ML, et al. Clinical Observation of Combined Therapeutic Effect of Lipo-PGE1 and Mecobalam on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. HeBei Medical Journal, 2005.11(5):411-413.
46. Wang L. Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Anhui Medical Journal, 2004; 25(1) :62-64.
47. Huang CY, Yao WF, Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Journal of Qiqihar Medical College, 2002; 23(10): 1126-1127.
48. Yao J, Liu W, Observation on Efficacy of PGE1 in Treating Peripheral Neuropathy in diabetes. Journal of Hubei Medical Staff College, 2004; 17(1): 48-50.
49. Wang ZH,, Zhang P, Shen XM, et al. Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabeetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 56 participants. Journal of Chinese Physician, 2003; 5(9)1287.
50. Tan YJ, An Z. Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 injection on Diabetic Nephropathy and Neuropathy. Journal of Chinese-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2004; 18(4) 223-226.
51. Tan ZZ. Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 40 participants. Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases, 2004; 7(6): 78-79.
52. Liu YL, Xiao XL, Liu JH, et al, Observation on Efficacy of. Lipo-PGE1 in Treating Peripheral Neuropathy in diabetes with 32 participants. Journal of NanHua University (Medical Edition), 2001; 29(6):584-585.
53. Hao JP, Yan WS, Zeng WX, et al. Observation of Combined Therapeutic Effect of Lipo-PGE1 and Mecobalam on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 40 participants. New Chinese Medicine. 2004; 35(9):545-547.
54. Xu WH, Wan CX, Zhang HX, et al. Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 20 participants. Herald of Medicine, 2001; 20(12): 755-756.
55. Ying WC, Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Zhejiang Clinical Medical Journal, 2002; 4(12): 913-914.
56. Zhong GL, Lv WM, A Clinical Observation of Lipo-PGE1 and Mecobalamin in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Journal of Gannan Medical College. 2002, 22(4): 343-345.
57. Wei ZW, Yang HY. A Clinical Observation of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Liaoning Journal of Practical Diabetology. 2003.11(1):35-36.
58. Mo W, Wang JY. Alprostadil in treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in the elderly. Chongqing Medical Journal, 2003;32(9): 1272-1273.
59. Liang GX, Wu WY, Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Painful Neuropathy. Journal of Guangzhou Medicine, 2003; 34(5): 44-45.
60. ` Mi YQ, Liu y, Lin HR, et al. Therapeutic Effect of Lipo-PGE1 on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 30 participants. Chinese Remedies and Clinics. 2004; 4(5): 371-372.
61. Zhang XK. Alprostadil in treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 22 participants. Heilongjiang Medical Journal, 2004; 28(6): 419-421.
62. Li XF, Su RT, Observation of Combined Therapeutic Effect of Lipo-PGE1 and Mecobalam on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Youjiang Medical Journal. 2004; 35(3):54-55.
63. Wu XX, Huang ZY, Clinical Study of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy. China Synthetical Medicine, 2002, 3(4) :338-339.
64. ` Yu F, Liu GL, Li WJ. A Clinical Observation of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Journal of Medical Theory and practice, 2004; 8(17): 903-904.
65. Liu J, Zhang Y, Xi P. Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Clinical Medicine of China, 2004; 11(20):1003-1005.
66. Low PA. Autonomic neuropathies. Curr Opin Neurol, 2002; 15(5): 605-609.
67. Zochodne DW. Nerve and ganglion blood flow in diabetes: an appraisal. Int Rev Neurobio, 2002; (50): 161-202.
68. Meyer FP. Polyneuropathy–therapy. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2003; 128(11): 572.
69. Shindo H, Tawata M, Inoue M, et al. The effect of prostaglandin E1 CD on vibratory threshold determined with the SMV-5 vibrometer in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 1994, 24(3):173-180.
70. Carlson LA, Olsson AG. Intravenous prostaglandin E1 in severe peripheral vascular disease. Lancet, 1976; 9(7886):810.
71. Zhong HJ, Han XY, Fang YC, et al. Study of the Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Journal of Practical Diabetology, 1994; 2(1): 33-34.
72. Yasutoshi I, Tadashi Y. The therapeutic effect of Lipo PGE1 on diabetic neuropathy-changes in endothelin and various angiopathic factors. Prostaglandins and other Lipid Mediators, 2001; (66): 221-234-667.
73. Watanabe T, Kaji R, Oka N, et al. Ultra-high dose methyl-cobalamin promotes nerve regeneration in experimental acrylamide neuropathy. J neurol Sci, 1994; 122(2): 140-143.
74. Zhang SP, A Clinical Study of Methycobal in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1998; 14(2): 130.
75. Dyck PJ, Obrien PC. Meaningful degrees of prevention or improvement of nerve conduction in controlled clinical trials of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 1989; 12(9): 649-652.
76. Nagai Y, S μgiyama Y, Abe T, et al. 4-g Monofilament is clinically useful for detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 2001; 24(1): 183-184.
  1. 1. 譚元菊，安崢. 前列地爾治療糖尿病性周圍神經(jīng)病變的臨床研究. 中國醫(yī)院用藥評價與分析，2004；4(3) :175~177.
  2. 2. 劉玉春，向光大，樂嶺等. 前列腺素E1對糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的療效觀察. 中國綜合臨床，2000；6(16) :427~428.
  3. 3. 楊斌，徐廣珍，吳麗華等. E1注射液治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的療效觀察. 中國基層醫(yī)藥，2002; 9(1) :8~9.
  4. 4. 宋文娟，王華，余清等. 凱時治療糖尿病性周圍神經(jīng)病變臨床研究. 中華綜合醫(yī)學(xué)，2002；3(2)：116~118.
  5. 5. 黃耀忠，胡斌. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變35例療效觀察. 廣東醫(yī)學(xué)，2002；23(9)：980~981.
  6. 6. 尤巧英, 李益明, 周麗諾等. 凱時治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變臨床研究. 中國新藥雜志，2000；9(7)：471~473.
  7. 7. 呂愛玲，阮愛兵. 前列地爾治療糖尿病神經(jīng)病變33例臨床觀察. 臨床薈萃，2004; 19(8) :459~460.
  8. 8. 吳偉瓊，劉偉芳，許美倫等, 凱時與甲鈷胺聯(lián)合治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變. 河北醫(yī)學(xué), 2005.11(5):411~413.
  9. 9. 王莉. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的療效觀察. 安徽醫(yī)學(xué), 2004; 25(1): 62~64.
  10. 10. 黃雌友，姚偉峰. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的效果觀察. 齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報, 2002；23(10): 1126~1127.
  11. 11. 姚軍，劉巍. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 湖北省衛(wèi)生職工醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報, 2004;17(1): 48~50.
  12. 12. 王志宏，張萍，沈絢梅等，前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變56例觀察. 中國醫(yī)師雜志, 2003,(9) :1287.
  13. 13. 譚元菊，安崢. Lipo PGE1對糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變及糖尿病腎病的治療作用. 中日友好醫(yī)院學(xué)報, 2004; 18(4) 223~226.
  14. 14. 譚宗章. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變40例療效觀察. 實用神經(jīng)疾病雜志, 2004;7(6): 78~79.
  15. 15. 劉應(yīng)蘭，肖曉嵐，劉江華等. Lipo- PGE1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變32例. 南華大學(xué)學(xué)報(醫(yī)學(xué)版), 29(6):584~585.
  16. 16. 郝建平，顏文盛，曾維新等. 前列地爾脂微球載體聯(lián)合甲鈷胺治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變——附40例報告. 新醫(yī)學(xué)，2004；35(9):545~547.
  17. 17. 徐文華，萬長秀，張漢祥，等. 前列地爾治療糖尿病性周圍神經(jīng)病變20例. 醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報, 2001; 20(12): 755~756.
  18. 18. 應(yīng)衛(wèi)嬋. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 浙江臨床醫(yī)學(xué), 2002, 4(12): 913~914.
  19. 19. 鐘國連，呂維名.前列腺素E1＋甲鈷胺治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 贛南醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報, 2002, 22(4): 343~345.
  20. 20. 魏則文 ,楊慧英. 凱時治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變觀察. 遼寧實用糖尿病雜志, 2003; 11(1): 35~36.
  21. 21. 莫文，王建英. 前列地爾治療老年2型糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的療效觀察. 重慶醫(yī)學(xué), 2003; 32(9) :1272~1273.
  22. 22. 梁干雄，吳偉英. 小劑量保達新聯(lián)合治療糖尿病痛性神經(jīng)病變臨床觀察. 廣州醫(yī)藥, 2003;34(5): 44~45.
  23. 23. 米延起，劉燕，林海榮，等. 前列地爾治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變30例分析. 中國藥物與臨床, 2004; 4(5):371~372.
  24. 24. 張秀坤. 前列地爾治療糖尿病性周圍神經(jīng)病變 (附22例臨床觀察). 黑龍江醫(yī)學(xué), 2004;28(6): 419~421.
  25. 25. 李小飛，蘇如婷. 前列腺素E1聯(lián)合甲鈷胺治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 右江醫(yī)學(xué), 2004; 35(3):54~55.
  26. 26. 吳修信，黃志勇. 前列地爾治療糖尿病性神經(jīng)損害的臨床研究. 中華綜合醫(yī)學(xué), 2002,3(4) :338~339.
  27. 27. 余芳，劉閣玲，李偉娟. 凱時治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 醫(yī)學(xué)理論與實踐, 2004; 8(17): 903~904.
  28. 28. 劉娟，張燕，席平. 前列腺素E1治療糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變療效觀察. 中國綜合臨床, 2004,11(20).1003~1005.
  29. 29. 鐘惠菊，韓秀云，方育川，等，前列腺素E1對糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的療效觀察. 實用糖尿病雜志，1994；2(1)：33~34.
  30. 30. 張蜀平. 彌可保對糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變治療作用的研究研究. 中華內(nèi)分泌代謝雜志，1998；14（2）：130.
  31. 31. Aszmann O, Tassler PL, Dellon AL. Changing the natural history of diabetic neuropathy: incidence of ulcer/amputation in the contralateral limb of patients with a unilateral nerve decompression procedure. Ann Plast Surg, 2004; 53(6): 517-522.
  32. 32. Pham HT, Rich J, Veves A. Wound healing in diabetic foot ulceration: a review and commentary. Wounds, 2000(12): 79-81.
  33. 33. Miejer JW, Bosma E, Lefrandt JD, et al. Clinical diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy with the diabetic neuropathy symptom and diabetic neuropathy examination scores. Diabetes Care, 2003; 26(3): 697-701.
  34. 34. Ziegler, D. Polyneuropathy in the diabetic patient--update on pathogenesis and management. Nephrol Dial Transplan, 2004; 19(9): 2170-2175.
  35. 35. Toyota T, Hirata Y, Ikeda Y, et al. Lipo-PGE1, a new lipid-encapsulated preparation of prostaglandin E1: placebo-and prostaglandin E1-controlled multicenter trials in patients with diabetic neuropathy and leg ulcers. Prostaglandins, 1993; 46(5): 453-468.
  36. 36. Akahori H, Takamura T, Hayakawa T, et al. Prostaglandin E1 in lipid microspheres ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy: clinical usefulness of Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments for evaluating diabetic sensory abnormality. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2004; 64(3): 153-159.
  37. 37. Tan YJ, An Z. Clinical Study of the Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Evaluation and analyisis of dr μg-use in hospitals of China, 2004; 4(3): 175-177.
  38. 38. Liu YC, Xiang GD, Le L, et al. Study of the Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Clinical Medicine of China, 2000; 6(16): 427-428.
  39. 39. Yang B, Xu GZ, Wu LH, et al. Observation on Efficacy of PGE1 in Treating Peripheral Neuropathy in diabetes. Chinese Journal of Primary Medicine and Pharmacy, 2002; 9(1): 8-9.
  40. 40. Song WJ, Wang H, Yu Q, et al. Study of the Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. China Synthesis Medicine, 2002; 3(2): 116-118.
  41. 41. Huang YZ, Hu B. Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 35 participants. Guangdong Medical Journal, 2002; 23(9): 980-981.
  42. 42. You QY, Li YM, Zhou LN, et al. Study of the Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Chinese Journal of New Dr μgs, 2000,9(7). 471-473.
  43. 43. Lv AL, Yuan AB, Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabeetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 33 participants. Clinical Focus, 2004; 19(8): 459-460.
  44. 44. He H, Liu QN. Wang HF, et al. Prostaglangin E1 and Danshen in treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in the elderly. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation, 2003; 7(18): 2561-2562. 何華，劉齊寧，王惠芳等. 中藥聯(lián)合前列腺素E1改善老年2型糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)癥狀的療效觀察. 中國臨床康復(fù)，2003; 7(18) :2561~2562.
  45. 45. Wu WQ, Liu WF, Xu ML, et al. Clinical Observation of Combined Therapeutic Effect of Lipo-PGE1 and Mecobalam on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. HeBei Medical Journal, 2005.11(5):411-413.
  46. 46. Wang L. Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Anhui Medical Journal, 2004; 25(1) :62-64.
  47. 47. Huang CY, Yao WF, Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Journal of Qiqihar Medical College, 2002; 23(10): 1126-1127.
  48. 48. Yao J, Liu W, Observation on Efficacy of PGE1 in Treating Peripheral Neuropathy in diabetes. Journal of Hubei Medical Staff College, 2004; 17(1): 48-50.
  49. 49. Wang ZH,, Zhang P, Shen XM, et al. Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabeetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 56 participants. Journal of Chinese Physician, 2003; 5(9)1287.
  50. 50. Tan YJ, An Z. Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 injection on Diabetic Nephropathy and Neuropathy. Journal of Chinese-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2004; 18(4) 223-226.
  51. 51. Tan ZZ. Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 40 participants. Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases, 2004; 7(6): 78-79.
  52. 52. Liu YL, Xiao XL, Liu JH, et al, Observation on Efficacy of. Lipo-PGE1 in Treating Peripheral Neuropathy in diabetes with 32 participants. Journal of NanHua University (Medical Edition), 2001; 29(6):584-585.
  53. 53. Hao JP, Yan WS, Zeng WX, et al. Observation of Combined Therapeutic Effect of Lipo-PGE1 and Mecobalam on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 40 participants. New Chinese Medicine. 2004; 35(9):545-547.
  54. 54. Xu WH, Wan CX, Zhang HX, et al. Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 20 participants. Herald of Medicine, 2001; 20(12): 755-756.
  55. 55. Ying WC, Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Zhejiang Clinical Medical Journal, 2002; 4(12): 913-914.
  56. 56. Zhong GL, Lv WM, A Clinical Observation of Lipo-PGE1 and Mecobalamin in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Journal of Gannan Medical College. 2002, 22(4): 343-345.
  57. 57. Wei ZW, Yang HY. A Clinical Observation of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Liaoning Journal of Practical Diabetology. 2003.11(1):35-36.
  58. 58. Mo W, Wang JY. Alprostadil in treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in the elderly. Chongqing Medical Journal, 2003;32(9): 1272-1273.
  59. 59. Liang GX, Wu WY, Clinical Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Painful Neuropathy. Journal of Guangzhou Medicine, 2003; 34(5): 44-45.
  60. 60. ` Mi YQ, Liu y, Lin HR, et al. Therapeutic Effect of Lipo-PGE1 on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 30 participants. Chinese Remedies and Clinics. 2004; 4(5): 371-372.
  61. 61. Zhang XK. Alprostadil in treating Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy with 22 participants. Heilongjiang Medical Journal, 2004; 28(6): 419-421.
  62. 62. Li XF, Su RT, Observation of Combined Therapeutic Effect of Lipo-PGE1 and Mecobalam on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Youjiang Medical Journal. 2004; 35(3):54-55.
  63. 63. Wu XX, Huang ZY, Clinical Study of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy. China Synthetical Medicine, 2002, 3(4) :338-339.
  64. 64. ` Yu F, Liu GL, Li WJ. A Clinical Observation of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Journal of Medical Theory and practice, 2004; 8(17): 903-904.
  65. 65. Liu J, Zhang Y, Xi P. Study of the Efficacy of PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Clinical Medicine of China, 2004; 11(20):1003-1005.
  66. 66. Low PA. Autonomic neuropathies. Curr Opin Neurol, 2002; 15(5): 605-609.
  67. 67. Zochodne DW. Nerve and ganglion blood flow in diabetes: an appraisal. Int Rev Neurobio, 2002; (50): 161-202.
  68. 68. Meyer FP. Polyneuropathy–therapy. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2003; 128(11): 572.
  69. 69. Shindo H, Tawata M, Inoue M, et al. The effect of prostaglandin E1 CD on vibratory threshold determined with the SMV-5 vibrometer in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 1994, 24(3):173-180.
  70. 70. Carlson LA, Olsson AG. Intravenous prostaglandin E1 in severe peripheral vascular disease. Lancet, 1976; 9(7886):810.
  71. 71. Zhong HJ, Han XY, Fang YC, et al. Study of the Efficacy of Lipo-PGE1 in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Journal of Practical Diabetology, 1994; 2(1): 33-34.
  72. 72. Yasutoshi I, Tadashi Y. The therapeutic effect of Lipo PGE1 on diabetic neuropathy-changes in endothelin and various angiopathic factors. Prostaglandins and other Lipid Mediators, 2001; (66): 221-234-667.
  73. 73. Watanabe T, Kaji R, Oka N, et al. Ultra-high dose methyl-cobalamin promotes nerve regeneration in experimental acrylamide neuropathy. J neurol Sci, 1994; 122(2): 140-143.
  74. 74. Zhang SP, A Clinical Study of Methycobal in the Treatment of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Chinese Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1998; 14(2): 130.
  75. 75. Dyck PJ, Obrien PC. Meaningful degrees of prevention or improvement of nerve conduction in controlled clinical trials of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 1989; 12(9): 649-652.
  76. 76. Nagai Y, S μgiyama Y, Abe T, et al. 4-g Monofilament is clinically useful for detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 2001; 24(1): 183-184.