• 四川大學(xué)華西第二醫(yī)院西部婦幼醫(yī)學(xué)研究院（成都，610041）1早期發(fā)育損傷與修復(fù)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，2公共實(shí)驗(yàn)室;

精子活力是衡量精液質(zhì)量和男性生育能力的一個(gè)重要臨床指標(biāo)。精子運(yùn)動(dòng)所需能量來自線粒體呼吸鏈的氧化磷酸化，線粒體形態(tài)、數(shù)目、酶活性、DNA完整性及活性氧（ROS）產(chǎn)生等的改變都影響精子生理功能。線粒體自噬是一種選擇性的細(xì)胞自噬途徑，作為一種清除損傷的線粒體和過量產(chǎn)生的ROS的防御機(jī)制，確保細(xì)胞內(nèi)線粒體功能穩(wěn)定，促進(jìn)應(yīng)激環(huán)境中細(xì)胞的存活。因此，推測精子細(xì)胞可能通過線粒體自噬這一特異性的選擇途徑清除異常線粒體以保護(hù)精子細(xì)胞生存并維持精子活力，自噬參與了精子的發(fā)生過程。

引用本文： 童煜,袁粒星. 線粒體及其自噬在精子發(fā)生過程中的作用研究. 華西醫(yī)學(xué), 2012, 27(10): 1566-1569. doi: 復(fù)制

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19. 　Ramya T, Misro MM, Sinha D, et al. Sperm function and seminal oxidative stress as tools to identify sperm pathologies in infertile men[J]. Fertil Steril, 2010, 93(1): 297-300.
20. 　Koppers AJ, Mitchell LA, Wang P, et al. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathway involvement in a truncated apoptotic cascade associated with motility loss and oxidative DNA damage in human spermatozoa[J]. Biochem J, 2011, 436(3): 687-698.
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25. 　魯嚴(yán), 周梅華. 線粒體自噬和線粒體凋亡及其相關(guān)病理生理機(jī)制研究進(jìn)展[J]. 實(shí)用老年醫(yī)學(xué), 2011, 25(1): 79-81.
26. 　呂逸清, 陳斌, 胡凱, 等. 不育癥患者精子凋亡率與精漿活性氧水平檢測及相關(guān)性分析[J]. 上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)·醫(yī)學(xué)版, 2009, 29(6): 705-708.
27. 　Qu X, Zou Z, Sun Q, et al. Autophagy gene-dependent clearance of apoptotic cells during embryonic development[J]. Cell, 2007, 128(5): 931-946.
28. 　Gallardo BJ, Miró MÁ, Balao DC, et al. Autophagy and apoptosis have a role in the survival or death of stallion spermatozoa during conservation in refrigeration[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(1): e30688.
29. 　Nicklin P, Bergman P, Zhang B, et al. Bidirectional transport of amino acids regulates mTOR and autophagy[J]. Cell, 2009, 136(3): 521-534.
30. 　許皓, 陳雪梅, 丁裕斌, 等. 哺乳動(dòng)物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)在不同發(fā)育階段SD大鼠睪丸中的表達(dá)及作用[J]. 中國細(xì)胞生物學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2012, 34(3): 218-225.
  1. 1. 　Matzuk MM, Lamb DJ. The biology of infertility: research advances and clinical challenges[J]. Nat Med, 2008, 14(11): 1197-1213.
  2. 2. 　Spiropoulos J, Turnbull DM, Chinnery PF. Can mitochondrial DNA mutations cause sperm dysfunction?[J]. Mol Hum Reprod, 2002, 8(8): 719-721.
  3. 3. 　St John JC, Sakkas D, Barratt CL. A role for mitochondrial DNA and sperm survival[J]. J Androl, 2000, 21(2): 189-199.
  4. 4. 　Sousa AP, Amaral A, Baptista M, et al. Not all sperm are equal: functional mitochondria characterize a subpopulation of human sperm with better fertilization potential[J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(3): e18112.
  5. 5. 　Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrel BG, et al. Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome[J]. Nature, 1981, 290(5806): 457-465.
  6. 6. 　Clayton DA. Transcription and replication of mitochondrial DNA[J]. Hum Reprod, 2000, 15 Suppl 2(Suppl.2): 11-17.
  7. 7. 　Türk G, Ceriba?i AO, Sakin F, et al. Antiperoxidative and anti-apoptotic effects of lycopene and ellagic acid on cyclophosphamide-induced testicular lipid peroxidation and apoptosis[J]. Reprod Fertil Dev, 2010, 22(4): 587-596.
  8. 8. 　Rajender,S, Rahul,P., Mahdi,AA. Mitochondria, spermatogenesis and male infertility[J]. Mitochondrion, 2010, 10(5): 419-428.
  9. 9. 　Werner A, Meinhardt A, Seitz J, et al. Distribution of heat-shock protein 60 immunoreactivity in testes of infertile men[J]. Cell Tissue Res, 1997, 288(3): 539-544.
  10. 10. 　米慧, 林蓓, 管敏鑫. 線粒體功能缺陷和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病[J]. 生命科學(xué), 2012, 24(6): 549-557.
  11. 11. 　Gorsich SW, Shaw JM. Importance of mitochondrial dynamics during meiosis and sporulation[J]. Mol Biol Cell, 2004, 15(10): 4369-4381.
  12. 12. 　Nakada K, Sato A, Yoshida K, et al. Mitochondria-related male infertility[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103(41): 15148-15153.
  13. 13. 　St John JC, Facucho-Oliveira J, Jiang Y, et al. Mitochondrial DNA transmission, replication and inheritance: a journey from the gamete through the embryo and into offspring and embryonic stem cells[J]. Hum Reprod Update, 2010, 16(5): 488-509.
  14. 14. 　Wai T, Ao A, Zhang X, et al. The role of mitochondrial DNA copy number in mammalian fertility[J]. Biol Reprod, 2010, 83(1): 52-62.
  15. 15. 　Tremellen K. Oxidative stress and male infertility--a clinical perspective[J]. Hum Reprod Update, 2008, 14(3): 243-258.
  16. 16. 　Said TM, Agarwal A, Sharma RK, et al. Impact of sperm morphology on DNA damage caused by oxidative stress induced by beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate[J]. Fertil Steril, 2005, 83(1): 95-103.
  17. 17. 　王曉蘭, 劉能輝. 特發(fā)性弱精子癥患者精子DNA氧化損傷[J]. 中南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)·醫(yī)學(xué)版, 2012, 37(1): 100-105.
  18. 18. 　Sun ZM, Ding CF, Yan ZZ, et al. Ultrastructure and function of mitochondria in idiopathic asthenospermia: study of 151 cases[J]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi, 2007, 87(18): 1263-1265.
  19. 19. 　Ramya T, Misro MM, Sinha D, et al. Sperm function and seminal oxidative stress as tools to identify sperm pathologies in infertile men[J]. Fertil Steril, 2010, 93(1): 297-300.
  20. 20. 　Koppers AJ, Mitchell LA, Wang P, et al. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathway involvement in a truncated apoptotic cascade associated with motility loss and oxidative DNA damage in human spermatozoa[J]. Biochem J, 2011, 436(3): 687-698.
  21. 21. 　Youle RJ, Narendra DP. Mechanisms of mitophagy[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2011, 12(1): 9-14.
  22. 22. 　Lemasters JJ. Selective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, as a targeted defense against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging[J]. Rejuvenation Res, 2005, 8(1): 3-5.
  23. 23. 　Yen WL, Klionsky DJ. How to live long and prosper: autophagy, mitochondria, and aging[J]. Physiology (Bethesda), 2008, 23(5): 248-262.
  24. 24. 　Terman A, Gustafsson B, Brunk UT. Autophagy, organelles and ageing[J]. J Pathol, 2007, 211(2): 134-143.
  25. 25. 　魯嚴(yán), 周梅華. 線粒體自噬和線粒體凋亡及其相關(guān)病理生理機(jī)制研究進(jìn)展[J]. 實(shí)用老年醫(yī)學(xué), 2011, 25(1): 79-81.
  26. 26. 　呂逸清, 陳斌, 胡凱, 等. 不育癥患者精子凋亡率與精漿活性氧水平檢測及相關(guān)性分析[J]. 上海交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)·醫(yī)學(xué)版, 2009, 29(6): 705-708.
  27. 27. 　Qu X, Zou Z, Sun Q, et al. Autophagy gene-dependent clearance of apoptotic cells during embryonic development[J]. Cell, 2007, 128(5): 931-946.
  28. 28. 　Gallardo BJ, Miró MÁ, Balao DC, et al. Autophagy and apoptosis have a role in the survival or death of stallion spermatozoa during conservation in refrigeration[J]. PLoS One, 2012, 7(1): e30688.
  29. 29. 　Nicklin P, Bergman P, Zhang B, et al. Bidirectional transport of amino acids regulates mTOR and autophagy[J]. Cell, 2009, 136(3): 521-534.
  30. 30. 　許皓, 陳雪梅, 丁裕斌, 等. 哺乳動(dòng)物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)在不同發(fā)育階段SD大鼠睪丸中的表達(dá)及作用[J]. 中國細(xì)胞生物學(xué)學(xué)報(bào), 2012, 34(3): 218-225.