• 四川大學(xué)華西臨床醫(yī)學(xué)院（成都，610041）;

【摘要】　 微小RNA（microRNA，miRNA）是近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)的一類長度為18~26個核苷酸的非編碼小分子RNA。它主要通過與靶標(biāo)基因3’-UTR的完全或不完全配對，降解靶標(biāo)基因mRNA或抑制其翻譯，從而參與調(diào)控生命活動，影響腫瘤的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大量miRNA的表達(dá)變化與前列腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展相關(guān)，了解這些miRNA的表達(dá)規(guī)律和作用機(jī)制對深入探討前列腺癌的發(fā)病機(jī)制、研究新的診斷和治療手段意義重大。綜述主要介紹近年來miRNA與前列腺癌發(fā)生的關(guān)系及對其診治的研究進(jìn)展。

引用本文： 劉嘉銘,劉巾男,廖邦華,楊翼,黃進(jìn). 微小RNA與前列腺癌的研究進(jìn)展. 華西醫(yī)學(xué), 2011, 26(2): 288-291. doi: 復(fù)制

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2. 　Calin GA, Croce CM. MicroRNA signatures in human cancers[J]. Nat Rev Cancer, 2006, 6(1): 857-866.
3. 　Calin GA, Sevignani C, Dumitru CD, et al. Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101(9): 2999-3004.
4. 　Cummins JM, He Y, Leary RJ, et al. The colorectal microRNAome[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103(10): 3687-3692.
5. 　Zeng Y, Wagner EJ, Cullen BR. Both natural and designed miRNAs can inhibit the expression of cognate mRNAs when expressed in human cells[J]. Mol Cell, 2002, 9(6): 1327-1333.
6. 　Zeng Y, Yi R, Cullen BR. MicroRNAs and small interfering RNAs can inhibit mRNA expression by similar mechanisms[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2003, 100(17): 9779-9784.
7. 　Wiemer EA. The role of microRNAs in cancer: no small matter[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2007, 43(10): 1529-1544.
8. 　Iorio MV, Ferracin M, Liu CG, et al. MicroRNA gene expression deregulation in human breast cancer[J]. Cancer Res, 2005, 65(16): 7065-7070.
9. 　Ambs S, Prueitt RL, Yi M, et al. Genomic profiling of microRNA and messenger RNA reveals deregulated microRNA expression in prostate cancer[J]. Cancer Res, 2008, 68(15): 6162-6170.
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12. 　Sun R, Fu X, Li Y, et al. Global gene expression analysis reveals reduced abundance of putative microRNA targets in human prostate tumours[J]. BMC Genomics, 2009, 10: 93.
13. 　Varambally S, Cao Q, Mani RS, et al. Genomic loss of microRNA-101 leads to overexpression of histone methyltransferase EZH2 in cancer[J]. Science, 2008, 322(5908): 1695-1699.
14. 　Raveche ES, Salerno E, Scaglione BJ, et al. Abnormal microRNA-16 locus with synteny to human 13q14 linked to CLL in NZB mice[J]. Blood, 2007, 109(12): 5079-5086.
15. 　Linsley PS, Schelter J, Burchard J, et al. Transcripts targeted by the microRNA-16 family cooperatively regulate cell cycle progession[J]. Mol Cell Biol, 2007, 27(6): 2240-2252.
16. 　Scott GK, Goga A, Bhaumik D, et al. Coordinate suppression of ERBB2 and ERBB3 by enforced expression of micro-RNA miR-125a or miR-125b[J]. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282(2): 1479-1486.
17. 　Gandellini P, Folini M, Longoni N, et al. miR-205 exerts tumor-suppressive functions in human prostate through down-regulation of protein kinase CE[J]. Cancer Res, 2009, 69(6): 2287-2295.
18. 　Johnson SM, Grosshan SH, Shingara J, et al. RAS is regulated by the let-7 microRNA family[J]. Cell, 2005, 120(5): 635-647.
19. 　Prueitt RL, Yi M, Hudson RS, et al. Expression of microRNAs and protein-coding genes associated with perineural invasion in prostate cancer[J]. Prostate, 2008, 68(11): 1152-1164.
20. 　Leite KR, Sousa-Canavez JM, Reis ST, et al. Change in expression of miR-let7c, miR-100, and miR-218 from high grade localized prostate cancer to metastasis[J/OL]. Urol Oncol, 2009 Apr 15.[Epub ahead of print].
21. 　Zhang B, Pan X, Cobb GP, et al. MicroRNAs as oncogenes and tumor suppressors[J]. Dev Biol, 2007, 302(1): 1-12.
22. 　Musiyenko A, Bitko V, Barik S, et al. Ectopic expression of miR-126*, an intronic product of the vascular endothelial EGF-like 7 gene, regulates prostein translation and invasiveness of prostate cancer LNCaP cells[J]. J Mol Med, 2008, 86(3): 313-322.
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24. 　Shi XB, Xue L, Yang J, et al. An androgen-regulated miRNA suppresses Bak1 expression and induces androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007, 104(50): 19983-19988.
25. 　Sun T, Wang Q, Balk S, et al. The Role of microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines[J]. Cancer Res, 2009, 69(8): 3356-3363.
26. 　Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105(30): 10513-10518.
27. 　Siva AC, Nelson LJ, Fleischer CL, et al. Molecular assays for the detection of microRNAs in prostate cancer[J]. Mol Cancer, 2009, 8(1): 17.
28. 　Mattie MD, Benz CC, Bowers J, et al. Optimized high-throughput microRNA expression profiling provides novel biomarker assessment of clinical prostate and breast cancer biopsies[J]. Mol Cancer 2006, 5: 24.
29. 　Fujita Y, Kojima K, Hamada N, et al. Effects of miR-34a on cell growth and chemoresistance in prostate cancer PC3 cells[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008, 377(1): 114-119.
30. 　Lin SL, Chiang A, Chang D, et al. Loss of mir-146a function in hormone-refractory prostate cancer[J]. RNA, 2008, 14(3): 417-424.
  1. 1. 　Hagan JP, Croce CM. MicroRNAs in carcinogenesis[J]. Cytogenet Genome Res, 2007, 118(2-4): 252-259.
  2. 2. 　Calin GA, Croce CM. MicroRNA signatures in human cancers[J]. Nat Rev Cancer, 2006, 6(1): 857-866.
  3. 3. 　Calin GA, Sevignani C, Dumitru CD, et al. Human microRNA genes are frequently located at fragile sites and genomic regions involved in cancers[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2004, 101(9): 2999-3004.
  4. 4. 　Cummins JM, He Y, Leary RJ, et al. The colorectal microRNAome[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103(10): 3687-3692.
  5. 5. 　Zeng Y, Wagner EJ, Cullen BR. Both natural and designed miRNAs can inhibit the expression of cognate mRNAs when expressed in human cells[J]. Mol Cell, 2002, 9(6): 1327-1333.
  6. 6. 　Zeng Y, Yi R, Cullen BR. MicroRNAs and small interfering RNAs can inhibit mRNA expression by similar mechanisms[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2003, 100(17): 9779-9784.
  7. 7. 　Wiemer EA. The role of microRNAs in cancer: no small matter[J]. Eur J Cancer, 2007, 43(10): 1529-1544.
  8. 8. 　Iorio MV, Ferracin M, Liu CG, et al. MicroRNA gene expression deregulation in human breast cancer[J]. Cancer Res, 2005, 65(16): 7065-7070.
  9. 9. 　Ambs S, Prueitt RL, Yi M, et al. Genomic profiling of microRNA and messenger RNA reveals deregulated microRNA expression in prostate cancer[J]. Cancer Res, 2008, 68(15): 6162-6170.
  10. 10. 　Tong AW, Fulgham P, Jay C, et al. MicroRNA profile analysis of human prostate cancers[J]. Cancer Gene Ther, 2009, 16(3): 206-216.
  11. 11. 　Porkka KP, Pfeiffer MJ, Waltering KK, et al. MicroRNA expression profiling in prostate cancer[J]. Cancer Res, 2007, 67(13): 6130-6135.
  12. 12. 　Sun R, Fu X, Li Y, et al. Global gene expression analysis reveals reduced abundance of putative microRNA targets in human prostate tumours[J]. BMC Genomics, 2009, 10: 93.
  13. 13. 　Varambally S, Cao Q, Mani RS, et al. Genomic loss of microRNA-101 leads to overexpression of histone methyltransferase EZH2 in cancer[J]. Science, 2008, 322(5908): 1695-1699.
  14. 14. 　Raveche ES, Salerno E, Scaglione BJ, et al. Abnormal microRNA-16 locus with synteny to human 13q14 linked to CLL in NZB mice[J]. Blood, 2007, 109(12): 5079-5086.
  15. 15. 　Linsley PS, Schelter J, Burchard J, et al. Transcripts targeted by the microRNA-16 family cooperatively regulate cell cycle progession[J]. Mol Cell Biol, 2007, 27(6): 2240-2252.
  16. 16. 　Scott GK, Goga A, Bhaumik D, et al. Coordinate suppression of ERBB2 and ERBB3 by enforced expression of micro-RNA miR-125a or miR-125b[J]. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282(2): 1479-1486.
  17. 17. 　Gandellini P, Folini M, Longoni N, et al. miR-205 exerts tumor-suppressive functions in human prostate through down-regulation of protein kinase CE[J]. Cancer Res, 2009, 69(6): 2287-2295.
  18. 18. 　Johnson SM, Grosshan SH, Shingara J, et al. RAS is regulated by the let-7 microRNA family[J]. Cell, 2005, 120(5): 635-647.
  19. 19. 　Prueitt RL, Yi M, Hudson RS, et al. Expression of microRNAs and protein-coding genes associated with perineural invasion in prostate cancer[J]. Prostate, 2008, 68(11): 1152-1164.
  20. 20. 　Leite KR, Sousa-Canavez JM, Reis ST, et al. Change in expression of miR-let7c, miR-100, and miR-218 from high grade localized prostate cancer to metastasis[J/OL]. Urol Oncol, 2009 Apr 15.[Epub ahead of print].
  21. 21. 　Zhang B, Pan X, Cobb GP, et al. MicroRNAs as oncogenes and tumor suppressors[J]. Dev Biol, 2007, 302(1): 1-12.
  22. 22. 　Musiyenko A, Bitko V, Barik S, et al. Ectopic expression of miR-126*, an intronic product of the vascular endothelial EGF-like 7 gene, regulates prostein translation and invasiveness of prostate cancer LNCaP cells[J]. J Mol Med, 2008, 86(3): 313-322.
  23. 23. 　Lin SL, Chiang A, Chang D, et al. Lossofmir-146a function in hormone-refractory prostate cancer[J]. RNA, 2008, 14(3): 417-424.
  24. 24. 　Shi XB, Xue L, Yang J, et al. An androgen-regulated miRNA suppresses Bak1 expression and induces androgen-independent growth of prostate cancer cells[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2007, 104(50): 19983-19988.
  25. 25. 　Sun T, Wang Q, Balk S, et al. The Role of microRNA-221 and microRNA-222 in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines[J]. Cancer Res, 2009, 69(8): 3356-3363.
  26. 26. 　Mitchell PS, Parkin RK, Kroh EM, et al. Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008, 105(30): 10513-10518.
  27. 27. 　Siva AC, Nelson LJ, Fleischer CL, et al. Molecular assays for the detection of microRNAs in prostate cancer[J]. Mol Cancer, 2009, 8(1): 17.
  28. 28. 　Mattie MD, Benz CC, Bowers J, et al. Optimized high-throughput microRNA expression profiling provides novel biomarker assessment of clinical prostate and breast cancer biopsies[J]. Mol Cancer 2006, 5: 24.
  29. 29. 　Fujita Y, Kojima K, Hamada N, et al. Effects of miR-34a on cell growth and chemoresistance in prostate cancer PC3 cells[J]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008, 377(1): 114-119.
  30. 30. 　Lin SL, Chiang A, Chang D, et al. Loss of mir-146a function in hormone-refractory prostate cancer[J]. RNA, 2008, 14(3): 417-424.