• 四川省腫瘤醫(yī)院內(nèi)二科（成都，610041）;

【摘要】　 在歐美國家前列腺癌為發(fā)病率最高的惡性腫瘤，近年來國內(nèi)前列腺癌發(fā)病率也明顯呈上升趨勢(shì)。內(nèi)分泌治療是當(dāng)前采用的主要臨床方法之一，其機(jī)制是抑制雄激素的活性。一線內(nèi)分泌治療后無效的前列腺癌是臨床目前面臨的一個(gè)棘手問題?，F(xiàn)就前列腺癌內(nèi)分泌治療的機(jī)制、分類、用藥策略及一線內(nèi)分泌治療后無效的前列腺癌治療的進(jìn)展做一綜述。

引用本文： 王理揚(yáng),姚文秀. 前列腺癌內(nèi)分泌治療進(jìn)展. 華西醫(yī)學(xué), 2011, 26(7): 1112-1115. doi: 復(fù)制

1. 　Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, et al. Cancer Statistics, 2010[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2010, 60(5): 277-300.
2. 　Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostate cancer I. The effect of castration,of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate[J]. Cancer Res, 1941, 1: 293-297.
3. 　Klotz L, Boccon-Gibod L, Shore ND, et al. The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer [J]. BJU Int, 2008, 102(11): 1531-1538.
4. 　黃海, 許可慰, 黃健, 等. 晚期前列腺癌內(nèi)分泌治療藥物的療效觀察[J]. 中華泌尿外科雜志, 2010, 31(1): 45-48.
5. 　Moul JW. Twenty years of controversy surrounding combined androgen blockade for advanced prostate cancer[J]. Cancer, 2009, 115(15): 3376-3378.
6. 　Cruz Guerra NA.Outcomes from the use of maximal androgen blockade in prostate cancer at health area with reference hospital type 2 (1st part). Quality of life: application of EORTC QLQ-C30 instrument[J]. Arch Esp Urol, 2009, 62(6): 431-457.
7. 　Prayer-Galetti T, Sacco E, Pagano F, et al. Long-term follow-up of a neoadjuvant chemohormonal taxane-based phase II trial before radical prostatectomy in patients with non-metastatic high-risk prostate cancer[J]. BJU Int, 2007, 100(2): 274-280.
8. 　Shelley MD, Kumar S, Wilt T, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of neo-adjuvant hormone therapy for localised and locally advanced prostate carcinoma[J]. Cancer Treat Rev, 2009, 35(1): 9-17.
9. 　Messing EM, Manola J, Yao J, et al. Immediate versus deferred androgen deprivation treatment in patients with node-positive prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2006, 7(6): 472-479.
10. 　Iversen P, Johansson JE, Lodding P, et al. Bicalutamide 150 mg in addition to standard care for patients with early non-metastatic prostate cancer: updated results from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Period Group-6 Study after a median follow-up period of 7.1 years[J]. Scand J Urol Nephrol, 2006, 40(6): 441-452.
11. 　McLeod DG, See WA, Klimberg I, et al. The bicalutamide 150 mg early prostate cancer program: findings of the North American trial at 7.7-year median followup[J]. J Urol, 2006, 176(1): 75-80.
12. 　Pilepich MV, Winter K, Lawton CA, et al. Androgen suppression adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in prostate carcinoma-long-term results of phase III RTOG 85-31[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2005, 61(5): 1285-1290.
13. 　Bolla M, Collette L, Blank L, et al. Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomised trial[J]. Lancet, 2002, 360(9327): 103-106.
14. 　Denham JW, Steigler A, Lamb DS, et al. Short-term androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: results from the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 96.01 randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2005, 6(11): 841-850.
15. 　Sato N, Gleave ME, Bruchovsky N, et al. Intermittent androgen suppression delays progression to androgen-dependent regulation of prostate-specific antigen gene in the LNCaP prostate tumour model[J]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 1996, 58(2): 139-146.
16. 　Akakura K, Bruchovsky N, Rennie PS, et al. Effects of intermittent androgen suppression on the stem cell composition and the expression of the TRPM-2(elusterin) gene in the Shionogi carcinoma[J]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 1996, 59(5-6): 501-511.
17. 　Bruchovsky N, Klotz L, Crook J, et al. Final results of the Canadian prospective phase Ⅱ trial of intermittent androgen suppression for men in biochemical recurrence after radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer:clinical parameters[J]. Cancer, 2006, 107(2): 389-395.
18. 　Calais da Silva FE, Bono AV, Whelan P, et al. Intermittent androgen deprivation for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: results from a randomised phase 3 study of the South European Uroncological Group[J]. Eur Urol, 2009, 55(6): 1269-1277.
19. 　Abrahamsson PA. Potential benefits of intermittent androgen suppression therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature[J]. Eur Urol, 2010, 57(1): 49-59.
20. 　姚林, 周利群, 何志高, 等. 前列腺癌間歇性內(nèi)分泌治療的臨床觀察及療效影響因素分析[J].北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版), 2010, 42(4): 396-399.
21. 　Schröder FH, Kurth K-H, Fossa SD, et al. Early versus delayed endocrine treatment of T2-T3 pN1-3 M0 prostate cancer without local treatment of the primary tumour: final results of European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer protocol 30846 after 13 years of follow-up (a randomised controlled trial)[J]. Eur Urol, 2009, 55(1): 14-22.
22. 　Loblaw DA, Virgo KS, Nam R, et al. Initial hormonal management of androgen-sensitive metastatic, recurrent, or progressive prostate cancer: 2006 update of an American Society of Clinical Oncology practice guideline[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2007, 25(12): 1596-1605.
23. 　Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2004, 351(15): 1502-1512.
24. 　Petrylak DP, Tangen CM, Hussain MH, et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2004, 351(15): 1513-1520.
25. 　Sonpavde G, Hutson TE. New approaches in hormone refractory prostate cancer[J].Am J Clin Oncol, 2006, 29(2): 196-201.
26. 　Burch PA, Croghan GA, Gastineau DA, et al. Immunotherapy (APC8015,Provenge) targeting prostatic acid phosphatase can induce durable remission of metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer: a Phase 2 trial[J]. Prostate, 2004, 60(3): 197-204.
27. 　Aragon-Ching JB, Jain L, Gulley JL, et al. Final analysis of a phase II trial using sorafenib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer[J]. BJU Int, 2009, 103(12): 1636-1640.
28. 　Aragon-Ching JB, Dahut WL. VEGF inhibitors and prostate cancer therapy[J]. Curr Mol Pharmacol, 2009, 2(2): 161-168.
29. 　Beardsley EK, Chi KN. Systemic therapy after first-line docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer[J]. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care, 2008, 2(3): 161-166.
30. 　Chi KN, Ellar SL, Hotte SJ, et al. A phase II study of sorafenib in patients with chemo-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer[J]. Ann Oncol, 2008, 19(4): 746-751.
  1. 1. 　Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, et al. Cancer Statistics, 2010[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2010, 60(5): 277-300.
  2. 2. 　Huggins C, Hodges CV. Studies on prostate cancer I. The effect of castration,of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate[J]. Cancer Res, 1941, 1: 293-297.
  3. 3. 　Klotz L, Boccon-Gibod L, Shore ND, et al. The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12-month, comparative, randomized, open-label, parallel-group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer [J]. BJU Int, 2008, 102(11): 1531-1538.
  4. 4. 　黃海, 許可慰, 黃健, 等. 晚期前列腺癌內(nèi)分泌治療藥物的療效觀察[J]. 中華泌尿外科雜志, 2010, 31(1): 45-48.
  5. 5. 　Moul JW. Twenty years of controversy surrounding combined androgen blockade for advanced prostate cancer[J]. Cancer, 2009, 115(15): 3376-3378.
  6. 6. 　Cruz Guerra NA.Outcomes from the use of maximal androgen blockade in prostate cancer at health area with reference hospital type 2 (1st part). Quality of life: application of EORTC QLQ-C30 instrument[J]. Arch Esp Urol, 2009, 62(6): 431-457.
  7. 7. 　Prayer-Galetti T, Sacco E, Pagano F, et al. Long-term follow-up of a neoadjuvant chemohormonal taxane-based phase II trial before radical prostatectomy in patients with non-metastatic high-risk prostate cancer[J]. BJU Int, 2007, 100(2): 274-280.
  8. 8. 　Shelley MD, Kumar S, Wilt T, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of neo-adjuvant hormone therapy for localised and locally advanced prostate carcinoma[J]. Cancer Treat Rev, 2009, 35(1): 9-17.
  9. 9. 　Messing EM, Manola J, Yao J, et al. Immediate versus deferred androgen deprivation treatment in patients with node-positive prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2006, 7(6): 472-479.
  10. 10. 　Iversen P, Johansson JE, Lodding P, et al. Bicalutamide 150 mg in addition to standard care for patients with early non-metastatic prostate cancer: updated results from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Period Group-6 Study after a median follow-up period of 7.1 years[J]. Scand J Urol Nephrol, 2006, 40(6): 441-452.
  11. 11. 　McLeod DG, See WA, Klimberg I, et al. The bicalutamide 150 mg early prostate cancer program: findings of the North American trial at 7.7-year median followup[J]. J Urol, 2006, 176(1): 75-80.
  12. 12. 　Pilepich MV, Winter K, Lawton CA, et al. Androgen suppression adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in prostate carcinoma-long-term results of phase III RTOG 85-31[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2005, 61(5): 1285-1290.
  13. 13. 　Bolla M, Collette L, Blank L, et al. Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomised trial[J]. Lancet, 2002, 360(9327): 103-106.
  14. 14. 　Denham JW, Steigler A, Lamb DS, et al. Short-term androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: results from the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group 96.01 randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2005, 6(11): 841-850.
  15. 15. 　Sato N, Gleave ME, Bruchovsky N, et al. Intermittent androgen suppression delays progression to androgen-dependent regulation of prostate-specific antigen gene in the LNCaP prostate tumour model[J]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 1996, 58(2): 139-146.
  16. 16. 　Akakura K, Bruchovsky N, Rennie PS, et al. Effects of intermittent androgen suppression on the stem cell composition and the expression of the TRPM-2(elusterin) gene in the Shionogi carcinoma[J]. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 1996, 59(5-6): 501-511.
  17. 17. 　Bruchovsky N, Klotz L, Crook J, et al. Final results of the Canadian prospective phase Ⅱ trial of intermittent androgen suppression for men in biochemical recurrence after radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer:clinical parameters[J]. Cancer, 2006, 107(2): 389-395.
  18. 18. 　Calais da Silva FE, Bono AV, Whelan P, et al. Intermittent androgen deprivation for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: results from a randomised phase 3 study of the South European Uroncological Group[J]. Eur Urol, 2009, 55(6): 1269-1277.
  19. 19. 　Abrahamsson PA. Potential benefits of intermittent androgen suppression therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature[J]. Eur Urol, 2010, 57(1): 49-59.
  20. 20. 　姚林, 周利群, 何志高, 等. 前列腺癌間歇性內(nèi)分泌治療的臨床觀察及療效影響因素分析[J].北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版), 2010, 42(4): 396-399.
  21. 21. 　Schröder FH, Kurth K-H, Fossa SD, et al. Early versus delayed endocrine treatment of T2-T3 pN1-3 M0 prostate cancer without local treatment of the primary tumour: final results of European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer protocol 30846 after 13 years of follow-up (a randomised controlled trial)[J]. Eur Urol, 2009, 55(1): 14-22.
  22. 22. 　Loblaw DA, Virgo KS, Nam R, et al. Initial hormonal management of androgen-sensitive metastatic, recurrent, or progressive prostate cancer: 2006 update of an American Society of Clinical Oncology practice guideline[J]. J Clin Oncol, 2007, 25(12): 1596-1605.
  23. 23. 　Tannock IF, de Wit R, Berry WR, et al. Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2004, 351(15): 1502-1512.
  24. 24. 　Petrylak DP, Tangen CM, Hussain MH, et al. Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 2004, 351(15): 1513-1520.
  25. 25. 　Sonpavde G, Hutson TE. New approaches in hormone refractory prostate cancer[J].Am J Clin Oncol, 2006, 29(2): 196-201.
  26. 26. 　Burch PA, Croghan GA, Gastineau DA, et al. Immunotherapy (APC8015,Provenge) targeting prostatic acid phosphatase can induce durable remission of metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer: a Phase 2 trial[J]. Prostate, 2004, 60(3): 197-204.
  27. 27. 　Aragon-Ching JB, Jain L, Gulley JL, et al. Final analysis of a phase II trial using sorafenib for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer[J]. BJU Int, 2009, 103(12): 1636-1640.
  28. 28. 　Aragon-Ching JB, Dahut WL. VEGF inhibitors and prostate cancer therapy[J]. Curr Mol Pharmacol, 2009, 2(2): 161-168.
  29. 29. 　Beardsley EK, Chi KN. Systemic therapy after first-line docetaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer[J]. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care, 2008, 2(3): 161-166.
  30. 30. 　Chi KN, Ellar SL, Hotte SJ, et al. A phase II study of sorafenib in patients with chemo-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer[J]. Ann Oncol, 2008, 19(4): 746-751.