• 四川大學(xué)華西醫(yī)院甲狀腺乳腺外科（四川成都 610041）;

引用本文： 朱精強(qiáng). 分化型甲狀腺癌頸淋巴結(jié)清掃的相關(guān)問(wèn)題. 中國(guó)普外基礎(chǔ)與臨床雜志, 2012, 19(8): 809-813. doi: 復(fù)制

1. Sherman SI. Thyroid carcinoma[J]. Lancet， 2003， 361(9356)：501-511.
2. Hundahl SA， Fleming ID， Fremgen AM， et al. A National Cancer Data Base report on 53 856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U. S， 1985-1995[J]. Cancer， 1998， 83(12)：2638-2648.
3. Grebe SK， Hay ID. Thyroid cancer nodal metastases：biologic significance and therapeutic considerations[J]. Surg Oncol Clin N Am， 1996， 5(1)：43-63.
4. Scheumann GF， Gimm O， Wegener G， et al. Prognostic significance and surgical management of locoregional lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancer[J]. World J Surg， 1994， 18(4)：559-568.
5. Hay ID， Thompson GB， Grant CS， et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma managed at the Mayo Clinic during six decades (1940-1999)：temporal trends in initial therapy and long-term outcome in 2 444 consecutively treated patients[J]. World J Surg， 2002， 26(8)：879-885.
6. Cooper DS， Doherty GM， Haugen BR， et al. American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer[J]. Thyroid， 2009， 19(11)：1167-1214.
7. Roh JL， Kim JM， Park CI. Central cervical nodal metastasis from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma：pattern and factors predictive of nodal metastasis[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2008， 15(9)：2482-2486.
8. Wada N， Duh QY， Sugino K， et al. Lymph node metastasis from 259 papillary thyroid microcarcinomas：frequency， pattern of occurrence and recurrence， and optimal strategy for neck dissection[J]. Ann Surg， 2003， 237(3)：399-407.
9. Vergez S， Sarini J， Percodani J， et al. Lymph node management in clinically node-negative patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2010， 36(8)：777-782.
10. Bonnet S， Hartl D， Leboulleux S， et al. Prophylactic lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid cancer less than 2 cm：implications for radioiodine treatment[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab， 2009， 94(4)：1162-1167.
11. Roh JL， Kim JM， Park CI. Central lymph node metastasis of unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma：patterns and factors predictive of nodal metastasis， morbidity， and recurrence[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2011， 18(8)：2245-2250.
12. Koo BS， Choi EC， Yoon YH， et al. Predictive factors for ipsilateral or contralateral central lymph node metastasis in unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg， 2009， 249(5)：840-844.
13. Machens A， Hinze R， Thomusch O， et al. Pattern of nodal metastasis for primary and reoperative thyroid cancer[J]. World J Surg， 2000， 26(1)：22-28.
14. Roh JL， Kim JM， Park CI. Lateral cervical lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma：pattern of nodal metastases and optimal strategy for neck dissection[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2008， 15(4)：1177-1182.
15. Moo TA， Umunna B， Kato M， et al. Ipsilateral versus bilateral central neck lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg， 2009， 250(3)：403-408.
16. Caron NR， Tan YY， Ogilvie JB， et al. Selective modified radical neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer-is levelⅠ， Ⅱand Ⅴdissection always necessary[J]. World J Surg， 2006， 30(5)：833-840.
17. Gimm O， Rath FW， Dralle H. Pattern of lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Br J Surg， 1998， 85(2)：252-254.
18. Roh JL， Park JY， Park CI. Total thyroidectomy plus neck dissection in differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma patients：pattern of nodal metastasis， morbidity， recurrence， and postoperative levels of serum parathyroid hormone[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2007， 245(4)：604-610.
19. Yanir Y， Doweck I. Regional metastases in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma：pattern of spread[J]. Laryngoscope， 2008， 118(3)：433-436.
20. Ito Y， Higashiyama T， Takamura Y， et al. Risk factors for recurrence to the lymph node in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients without preoperatively detectable lateral node metastasis：validity of prophylactic modified radical neck dissection[J]. World J Surg， 2007， 31(11)：2085-2091.
21. Xiao GZ， Gao L. Central lymph node metastasis：is it a reliable indicator of lateral node involvement in papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. World J Surg， 2010， 34(2)：237-241.
22. Zhang L， Wei WJ， Ji QH， et al. Risk factors for neck nodal metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma：a study of 1 066 patients[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab， 2012， 97(4)：1250-1257.
23. Lupi C， Giannini R， Ugolini C， et al. Association of BRAFV600E mutation with poor clinicopathological outcomes in 500 consecutive cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab， 2007， 92(11)：4085-4090.
24. Xing M， Westra WH， Tufano RP， et al. BRAF mutation predicts a poorer clinical prognosis for papillary thyroid cancer[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab， 2005， 90(12)：6373-6379.
25. Krishnan J， Kirkin V， Steffen A， et al. Differential in vivo and in vitro expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D in tumors and its relationship to lymphatic metastasis in immunocompetent rats[J]. Cancer Res， 2003， 63(3)：713-722.
  1. 1. Sherman SI. Thyroid carcinoma[J]. Lancet， 2003， 361(9356)：501-511.
  2. 2. Hundahl SA， Fleming ID， Fremgen AM， et al. A National Cancer Data Base report on 53 856 cases of thyroid carcinoma treated in the U. S， 1985-1995[J]. Cancer， 1998， 83(12)：2638-2648.
  3. 3. Grebe SK， Hay ID. Thyroid cancer nodal metastases：biologic significance and therapeutic considerations[J]. Surg Oncol Clin N Am， 1996， 5(1)：43-63.
  4. 4. Scheumann GF， Gimm O， Wegener G， et al. Prognostic significance and surgical management of locoregional lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid cancer[J]. World J Surg， 1994， 18(4)：559-568.
  5. 5. Hay ID， Thompson GB， Grant CS， et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma managed at the Mayo Clinic during six decades (1940-1999)：temporal trends in initial therapy and long-term outcome in 2 444 consecutively treated patients[J]. World J Surg， 2002， 26(8)：879-885.
  6. 6. Cooper DS， Doherty GM， Haugen BR， et al. American Thyroid Association (ATA) Guidelines Taskforce on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer[J]. Thyroid， 2009， 19(11)：1167-1214.
  7. 7. Roh JL， Kim JM， Park CI. Central cervical nodal metastasis from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma：pattern and factors predictive of nodal metastasis[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2008， 15(9)：2482-2486.
  8. 8. Wada N， Duh QY， Sugino K， et al. Lymph node metastasis from 259 papillary thyroid microcarcinomas：frequency， pattern of occurrence and recurrence， and optimal strategy for neck dissection[J]. Ann Surg， 2003， 237(3)：399-407.
  9. 9. Vergez S， Sarini J， Percodani J， et al. Lymph node management in clinically node-negative patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2010， 36(8)：777-782.
  10. 10. Bonnet S， Hartl D， Leboulleux S， et al. Prophylactic lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid cancer less than 2 cm：implications for radioiodine treatment[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab， 2009， 94(4)：1162-1167.
  11. 11. Roh JL， Kim JM， Park CI. Central lymph node metastasis of unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma：patterns and factors predictive of nodal metastasis， morbidity， and recurrence[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2011， 18(8)：2245-2250.
  12. 12. Koo BS， Choi EC， Yoon YH， et al. Predictive factors for ipsilateral or contralateral central lymph node metastasis in unilateral papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg， 2009， 249(5)：840-844.
  13. 13. Machens A， Hinze R， Thomusch O， et al. Pattern of nodal metastasis for primary and reoperative thyroid cancer[J]. World J Surg， 2000， 26(1)：22-28.
  14. 14. Roh JL， Kim JM， Park CI. Lateral cervical lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma：pattern of nodal metastases and optimal strategy for neck dissection[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2008， 15(4)：1177-1182.
  15. 15. Moo TA， Umunna B， Kato M， et al. Ipsilateral versus bilateral central neck lymph node dissection in papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Ann Surg， 2009， 250(3)：403-408.
  16. 16. Caron NR， Tan YY， Ogilvie JB， et al. Selective modified radical neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer-is levelⅠ， Ⅱand Ⅴdissection always necessary[J]. World J Surg， 2006， 30(5)：833-840.
  17. 17. Gimm O， Rath FW， Dralle H. Pattern of lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. Br J Surg， 1998， 85(2)：252-254.
  18. 18. Roh JL， Park JY， Park CI. Total thyroidectomy plus neck dissection in differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma patients：pattern of nodal metastasis， morbidity， recurrence， and postoperative levels of serum parathyroid hormone[J]. Ann Surg Oncol， 2007， 245(4)：604-610.
  19. 19. Yanir Y， Doweck I. Regional metastases in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma：pattern of spread[J]. Laryngoscope， 2008， 118(3)：433-436.
  20. 20. Ito Y， Higashiyama T， Takamura Y， et al. Risk factors for recurrence to the lymph node in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients without preoperatively detectable lateral node metastasis：validity of prophylactic modified radical neck dissection[J]. World J Surg， 2007， 31(11)：2085-2091.
  21. 21. Xiao GZ， Gao L. Central lymph node metastasis：is it a reliable indicator of lateral node involvement in papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. World J Surg， 2010， 34(2)：237-241.
  22. 22. Zhang L， Wei WJ， Ji QH， et al. Risk factors for neck nodal metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma：a study of 1 066 patients[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab， 2012， 97(4)：1250-1257.
  23. 23. Lupi C， Giannini R， Ugolini C， et al. Association of BRAFV600E mutation with poor clinicopathological outcomes in 500 consecutive cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab， 2007， 92(11)：4085-4090.
  24. 24. Xing M， Westra WH， Tufano RP， et al. BRAF mutation predicts a poorer clinical prognosis for papillary thyroid cancer[J]. J Clin Endocrinol Metab， 2005， 90(12)：6373-6379.
  25. 25. Krishnan J， Kirkin V， Steffen A， et al. Differential in vivo and in vitro expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D in tumors and its relationship to lymphatic metastasis in immunocompetent rats[J]. Cancer Res， 2003， 63(3)：713-722.