• 上海交通大學(xué)附屬第一人民醫(yī)院呼吸科(上海 200080);

目的 探討侵襲性肺曲霉病(IPA)小鼠的凝血功能異常及低分子肝素的治療作用。方法 采用環(huán)磷酰胺免疫抑制、煙曲霉孢子懸液滴鼻法構(gòu)建中性粒細(xì)胞減少小鼠IPA模型。(1) 凝血功能測(cè)定:72只小鼠隨機(jī)分為正常免疫非接種組(A組)、正常免疫接種組(B組)、免疫抑制非接種組(C組)、模型組(D組),每組18只。煙曲霉孢子接種量為1.5×10 個(gè)孢子/小鼠,接種后每24 h每組隨機(jī)取6只小鼠進(jìn)行出血時(shí)間、凝血時(shí)間、血小板計(jì)數(shù)及抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)活性測(cè)定,共3次。(2)低分子肝素對(duì)IPA小鼠生存時(shí)間的影響:118只IPA模型小鼠隨機(jī)分為模型對(duì)照組(E組,n=29)、低分子肝素治療組(F組,n=30,1 000 IU/kg,背部皮下注射,qd×7 d)、兩性霉素B治療組(G組,n=29,1 mg/kg,腹腔注射,qd×7 d)、低分子肝素加兩性霉素B治療組(H組,n=30)。治療均從接種后24 h開始。煙曲霉孢子接種量為6×10 個(gè)孢子/d,鼠。接種孢子后每天觀察生存情況1次,至21 d。結(jié)果D組接種煙曲霉孢子后24 h即出現(xiàn)血漿AT-Ⅲ活性降低;48 h后出、凝血時(shí)間縮短,血漿AT—Ⅲ活性較24 h時(shí)降低;72 h后出現(xiàn)明顯的血小板減少,出血時(shí)間進(jìn)一步縮短,凝血時(shí)間較48 h延長(zhǎng),但仍低于正常,血漿AT-Ⅲ活性進(jìn)一步降低;上述各指標(biāo)變化D組與同時(shí)間點(diǎn)其他各組比較均有顯著性差異(P lt;0.O1),在各時(shí)間點(diǎn)A組、B組及c組之間比較均無(wú)顯著性差異(P均 gt;0.05)。生存分析結(jié)果表明,單獨(dú)應(yīng)用低分子肝素未提高IPA小鼠21 d存活率,亦未延長(zhǎng)平均生存時(shí)間(F組與E組比較,P gt;0.05)。聯(lián)合應(yīng)用低分子肝素與兩性霉素B療效優(yōu)于單獨(dú)應(yīng)用兩性霉素B(G組與E組及F組比較,P均 lt;0.05;H組與E組及F組比較,P均 lt;0.01;H組與G組比較,P lt;0.05)。結(jié)論 小鼠發(fā)生IPA后可出現(xiàn)凝血功能紊亂,血漿AT-Ⅲ活性可以作為IPA出現(xiàn)凝血功能紊亂的早期監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)。與單獨(dú)應(yīng)用兩性霉素B比較,低分子肝素與兩性霉素B聯(lián)用能夠延長(zhǎng)IPA小鼠的平均生存時(shí)間。

引用本文: 榮令,周新,李峰,何牡丹. 侵襲性肺曲霉病小鼠的凝血功能異常及低分子肝素的治療作用. 中國(guó)呼吸與危重監(jiān)護(hù)雜志, 2008, 08(6): 440-444. doi: 復(fù)制

1. 張寶才肺真菌病.中國(guó)呼吸與危重監(jiān)護(hù)雜志,2003,2:319-320.
2. Lin SJ,Sehranz J,Teutsch SM.Aspergillosis case-fatality rate:systematic review of the literature.Clin Infeet Dis,2001,32:358-366.
3. NCCLS.Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi;approved standard.NCCLS document M-38A.NCCLS,2002,18:1-29.
4. 榮令,周新.侵襲性肺曲霉病發(fā)病機(jī)制研究進(jìn)展.中國(guó)呼吸與危重監(jiān)護(hù)雜志,2008,7:152-155.
5. Kamai Y,Chiang LY,Lopes Bezerra LM,et al.Interactions of Aspergillus fumigatus with vascular endothelial cells.Med Mycol,2006, 44:S115-Sl17.
6. Lopes Bezerra LM,F(xiàn)iller SG.Interactions of Aspergillus fumigatus with endothelial cells:internalization,injury,and stimulation of tissue factor activity.Blood,2004,103:2143-2149.
7. Becker MJ,De Marie S,F(xiàn)ens MH,et a1.Pathophysiology of unilateral pulmonary aspergillosis in an experimental rat mode1.Med Mycol, 2006,44:133-139.
8. Lai CC,Liaw SJ,Lee LN,et al.Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: high incidence of disseminated intravaseular coagulation in fatal cases.J Mierobiol Immunol Infect,2007,40:141-147. 9 張國(guó)材.彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查及其臨床價(jià)值.新醫(yī)學(xué),2007,38:269-272.
9. Kaufman HF,Tomee JF.Defense mechanisms of the airways against Aspergillus fumigatus:role in invasive aspergillosis.Chem Immunol, 2002,81:94-113.
10. Vignoli A,Marchetti M,Balducci D,et al.Diferential efect of the lowmolecular- weight heparin,daheparin,and unfraetionated heparin on mierovascular endothelial cell hemostatie properties.Haematologica,2006, 91:207-214.
11. 唐邦清,黃大明,黃暉,等.低分子肝素早期干預(yù)預(yù)防感染性休克并發(fā)彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血.臨床薈萃,2005,20:281-282.
12. Asakura H,Sano Y,Yoshida T,et al.Beneficial effect of low-molecular—weight heparin against 1ip0p0lysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats is abolished by coadministration of tran examie acid.Intensive Care Med,2004,30:1950-1955.
13. Miyake Y,Yokota K,F(xiàn)ujishima Y,et al.The effects of danaparoid, dalteparin and heparin on tissue factor-induced experimental dissem inated intravaseular coagulation and bleeding time in the rat.Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis,2001,12:349-357.
14. 侯百東,潘家綺,范連凱,等.急性彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血65例臨床分析.中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2001,81:752-753.
15. S10fstm SH,vail’t Veer C,Buurnmn WA,et al.Low molecular weight heparln attenuates multiple organ failure in a murine model of disseminated intravaseular coagulation.Crit Care Med,2005,33:1365-1370..
  1. 1. 張寶才肺真菌?。袊?guó)呼吸與危重監(jiān)護(hù)雜志,2003,2:319-320.
  2. 2. Lin SJ,Sehranz J,Teutsch SM.Aspergillosis case-fatality rate:systematic review of the literature.Clin Infeet Dis,2001,32:358-366.
  3. 3. NCCLS.Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi;approved standard.NCCLS document M-38A.NCCLS,2002,18:1-29.
  4. 4. 榮令,周新.侵襲性肺曲霉病發(fā)病機(jī)制研究進(jìn)展.中國(guó)呼吸與危重監(jiān)護(hù)雜志,2008,7:152-155.
  5. 5. Kamai Y,Chiang LY,Lopes Bezerra LM,et al.Interactions of Aspergillus fumigatus with vascular endothelial cells.Med Mycol,2006, 44:S115-Sl17.
  6. 6. Lopes Bezerra LM,F(xiàn)iller SG.Interactions of Aspergillus fumigatus with endothelial cells:internalization,injury,and stimulation of tissue factor activity.Blood,2004,103:2143-2149.
  7. 7. Becker MJ,De Marie S,F(xiàn)ens MH,et a1.Pathophysiology of unilateral pulmonary aspergillosis in an experimental rat mode1.Med Mycol, 2006,44:133-139.
  8. 8. Lai CC,Liaw SJ,Lee LN,et al.Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: high incidence of disseminated intravaseular coagulation in fatal cases.J Mierobiol Immunol Infect,2007,40:141-147. 9 張國(guó)材.彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查及其臨床價(jià)值.新醫(yī)學(xué),2007,38:269-272.
  9. 9. Kaufman HF,Tomee JF.Defense mechanisms of the airways against Aspergillus fumigatus:role in invasive aspergillosis.Chem Immunol, 2002,81:94-113.
  10. 10. Vignoli A,Marchetti M,Balducci D,et al.Diferential efect of the lowmolecular- weight heparin,daheparin,and unfraetionated heparin on mierovascular endothelial cell hemostatie properties.Haematologica,2006, 91:207-214.
  11. 11. 唐邦清,黃大明,黃暉,等.低分子肝素早期干預(yù)預(yù)防感染性休克并發(fā)彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血.臨床薈萃,2005,20:281-282.
  12. 12. Asakura H,Sano Y,Yoshida T,et al.Beneficial effect of low-molecular—weight heparin against 1ip0p0lysaccharide-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in rats is abolished by coadministration of tran examie acid.Intensive Care Med,2004,30:1950-1955.
  13. 13. Miyake Y,Yokota K,F(xiàn)ujishima Y,et al.The effects of danaparoid, dalteparin and heparin on tissue factor-induced experimental dissem inated intravaseular coagulation and bleeding time in the rat.Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis,2001,12:349-357.
  14. 14. 侯百東,潘家綺,范連凱,等.急性彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血65例臨床分析.中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2001,81:752-753.
  15. 15. S10fstm SH,vail’t Veer C,Buurnmn WA,et al.Low molecular weight heparln attenuates multiple organ failure in a murine model of disseminated intravaseular coagulation.Crit Care Med,2005,33:1365-1370..
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